In special relativity, a four-vector (or 4-vector, sometimes Lorentz vector) is an object with four components, which transform in a specific way under...

spacetime. Momentum is a vector in three dimensions; similarly four-momentum is a four-vector in spacetime. The contravariant four-momentum of a particle...

particular in special relativity and general relativity, a four-velocity is a four-vector in four-dimensional spacetime that represents the relativistic counterpart...

charge per unit time per unit area. Also known as vector current, it is used in the geometric context of four-dimensional spacetime, rather than separating...

operations on the above sorts of vectors. A vector space formed by geometric vectors is called a Euclidean vector space, and a vector space formed by tuples is...

An electromagnetic four-potential is a relativistic vector function from which the electromagnetic field can be derived. It combines both an electric...

a wave four-vector can be defined, combining the (angular) wave vector and (angular) frequency. The terms wave vector and angular wave vector have distinct...

physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector or simply a vector (sometimes called a geometric vector or spatial vector) is a geometric object that has magnitude...

the natural sciences, a vector quantity (also known as a vector physical quantity, physical vector, or simply vector) is a vector-valued physical quantity...

transformation matrix is universal for all four-vectors, not just 4-dimensional spacetime coordinates. If A is any four-vector, then in tensor index notation A...

In classical electromagnetism, magnetic vector potential (often called A) is the vector quantity defined so that its curl is equal to the magnetic field:...

spacetime represented as a four-vector (t, x, y, z). A Lorentz transformation is represented by a matrix that acts on the four-vector, changing its components...

electromagnetic four-potential is a covariant four-vector containing the electric potential (also called the scalar potential) ϕ and magnetic vector potential...

For instance, many times the time-based terms are placed first in the four-vectors, with the spatial terms following. Also, sometimes η is replaced with...

In geometry, a position or position vector, also known as location vector or radius vector, is a Euclidean vector that represents a point P in space....

four-acceleration is a four-vector (vector in four-dimensional spacetime) that is analogous to classical acceleration (a three-dimensional vector, see...

In differential geometry, the four-gradient (or 4-gradient) ∂ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\partial }}} is the four-vector analogue of the gradient ∇ →...

quantity to a spacelike vector quantity, and we have 4d vectors, or "four-vectors", in Minkowski spacetime. The components of vectors are written using tensor...

In mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) of length 1. A unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase...

In computing, a vector processor or array processor is a central processing unit (CPU) that implements an instruction set where its instructions are designed...

The four-frequency of a massless particle, such as a photon, is a four-vector defined by N a = ( ν , ν n ^ ) {\displaystyle N^{a}=\left(\nu ,\nu {\hat...

The Vector W8 is a sports car produced by American automobile manufacturer Vector Aeromotive Corporation from 1989 to 1993. It was designed by company...

In physics, the Poynting vector (or Umov–Poynting vector) represents the directional energy flux (the energy transfer per unit area, per unit time) or...

Vector graphics are a form of computer graphics in which visual images are created directly from geometric shapes defined on a Cartesian plane, such as...

In vector calculus, the gradient of a scalar-valued differentiable function f {\displaystyle f} of several variables is the vector field (or vector-valued...

potential and the magnetic vector potential. The electric potential and the magnetic vector potential together form a four-vector, so that the two kinds of...

of relativity, four-force is a four-vector that replaces the classical force. The four-force is defined as the rate of change in the four-momentum of a...

perpendicular to the light's wavefronts (and is therefore collinear with the wave vector). A slightly more rigorous definition of a light ray follows from Fermat's...

In mathematics, vector multiplication may refer to one of several operations between two (or more) vectors. It may concern any of the following articles:...

object. It is a vector quantity, possessing a magnitude and a direction. If m is an object's mass and v is its velocity (also a vector quantity), then...