practice abstinence, among other things. The "extermination of nine kindreds" (誅九族) is considered one of the most severe punishments found in traditional Chinese...

numerology Ren (philosophy) Sippenhaft Ten Abominations “株连九族”的历史演进 – 新华网 "The history and evolution of '株连九族' (Nine exterminations)" – Xinhua "中國古代立法與司法". Retrieved...

亭侯備，受朝爵秩，念在輸力，以殉國難。睹其機兆，赫然憤發，與車騎將軍董承同謀誅操，將安國家，克寧舊都。會承機事不密，令操遊魂得遂長惡，殘泯海內。臣等每懼王室大有閻樂之禍，小有定安之變，夙夜惴惴，戰栗累息。昔在虞書，敦序九族，週監二代，封建同姓，詩著其義，歷載長久。漢興之初，割裂疆土，尊王子弟，是以...