bit synchronization errors. The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit errors per unit time. The bit error ratio (also BER) is the number of bit errors...

worst-case bit error rate, and then fail to work at all if the bit error rate is ever worse. However, some systems adapt to the given channel error conditions:...

Error rate, meaning the frequency of errors, can have the following uses: Bayes error rate Bit error rate Per-comparison error rate Residual bit error...

and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. The bit rate is expressed in...

achieve the same bit-error probability as BPSK, QPSK uses twice the power (since two bits are transmitted simultaneously). The symbol error rate is given by:...

The residual bit error rate (RBER) is a receive quality metric in digital transmission, one of several used to quantify the accuracy of the received data...

known as the "SNR per bit". It is especially useful when comparing the bit error rate (BER) performance of different digital modulation schemes without taking...

represent or convey one or several bits of data. The symbol rate is related to the gross bit rate, expressed in bits per second. A symbol may be described...

linear error-correcting codes. Hamming codes can detect one-bit and two-bit errors, or correct one-bit errors without detection of uncorrected errors. By...

digital transmission, the Viterbi error rate, also known as the Viterbi bit error rate (VBER), is a measurement of error in the transmission of digital Information...

Error correction code memory (ECC memory) is a type of computer data storage that uses an error correction code (ECC) to detect and correct n-bit data...

A parity bit, or check bit, is a bit added to a string of binary code. Parity bits are a simple form of error detecting code. Parity bits are generally...

attaches a fixed number of check bits (or parity data), which are derived from the data bits by some encoding algorithm. If error detection is required, a receiver...

the gross bit rate or data signalling rate (inclusive of redundant error coding), the net bit rate (the useful bit rate exclusive of error correction...

mitigate these effects without changing the bit depth. Bit depth also affects bit rate and file size. Bit depth is useful for describing PCM digital signals...

increasing the bit error rate requires a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by increasing signal energy, reducing noise, or both. If data rates beyond those...

that the error of a single measurement lies between −a and +a, for positive a. This is useful, for example, in determining the bit error rate of a digital...

are physically secure data transfer, line-of-sight (LOS) and very low bit error rate (BER) that makes it very efficient. The mandatory IrPHY (Infrared Physical...

the data link, where these extra bits are removed to return the bit streams to their original bit rates or form. Bit stuffing may be used to synchronize...

squared error by a factor of 4 (i.e., 6 dB) based on the Δ 2 / 12 {\displaystyle \Delta ^{2}/12} approximation. At asymptotically high bit rates, the 6 dB/bit...

Reed–Solomon error correction codes that steepen the overall bit-error-rate curve and produce extremely low residual undetected error rates. Both Viterbi...

=20\log _{10}\!\left(Q^{-1}(y)\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} } where y is the bit-error rate (BER) of the digitally modulated signal under analysis. For instance...

information consists of a heavily error-corrected short message identifying the sender. Recipients decode it and use the bit error rate to calculate and store a...

to interpret the noise as a data bit, which can cause errors in addressing or processing program code. The bad data bit can even be saved in memory and...

of errors and erasures. Reed–Solomon codes are also suitable as multiple-burst bit-error correcting codes, since a sequence of b + 1 consecutive bit errors...

measured in bit/s/Hz, or, less frequently but unambiguously, in (bit/s)/Hz. It is the net bit rate (useful information rate excluding error-correcting...

Bit error rate test, a testing method for digital communication circuits Bit error rate tester, a test equipment used for testing the bit error rate of...

bit synchronization errors. The bit error rate or bit error ratio (BER) is the number of bit errors divided by the total number of transferred bits during...

High C/N ratios provide good quality of reception, for example low bit error rate (BER) of a digital message signal, or high SNR of an analog message...

crosstalk (NEXT). In order for a signal to be received with an acceptable bit error rate, the attenuation and the crosstalk must both be minimized. Crosstalk...