In thermodynamics, the chemical potential of a species is the energy that can be absorbed or released due to a change of the particle number of the given...

charge is called nuclear potential energy; work of intermolecular forces is called intermolecular potential energy. Chemical potential energy, such as the...

term chemical potential is used to indicate the potential of a substance to undergo a change of configuration, be it in the form of a chemical reaction...

measured in an electronic circuit has a simple relationship to the chemical potential for electrons (Fermi level). When the leads of a voltmeter are attached...

electrochemistry, the Nernst equation is a chemical thermodynamical relationship that permits the calculation of the reduction potential of a reaction (half-cell or...

In thermodynamics, the excess chemical potential is defined as the difference between the chemical potential of a given species and that of an ideal gas...

In electrochemistry, the electrochemical potential (ECP), μ, is a thermodynamic measure of chemical potential that does not omit the energy contribution...

is the chemical potential for an i-type particle. The set of all Ni are also included as natural variables but may be ignored when no chemical reactions...

chemical potential (an entropic effect). Thus, the pressure of the solution has to be increased in an effort to compensate the loss of the chemical potential...

1873 that equilibrium is attained when the Gibbs free energy of the chemical potential of the system is at its minimum value (assuming the reaction is carried...

"Topology of thermodynamic potentials using physical models: Helmholtz, Gibbs, Grand, and Null". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 160 (21). Bibcode:2024JChPh...

where μH+ is the chemical potential of the hydrogen ion, μ H + ⊖ {\displaystyle \mu _{{\ce {H+}}}^{\ominus }} is its chemical potential in the chosen standard...

converted chemical potential energy has simply become internal energy". It is, however, sometimes convenient to say that "the chemical potential energy has...

container, and the number of photons is not conserved. As a result, the chemical potential of the black-body photon gas is zero at thermodynamic equilibrium...

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. When chemical reactions occur...

k_{0}^{2}=4\pi e^{2}{\frac {\partial n}{\partial \mu }},} where μ is the chemical potential (Fermi level), n is the electron concentration and e is the elementary...

concentration" of a species in a mixture, in the sense that the species' chemical potential depends on the activity of a real solution in the same way that it...

and entropy, pressure and volume, or chemical potential and particle number. In fact, all thermodynamic potentials are expressed in terms of conjugate...

The thermodynamic variables of the grand canonical ensemble are chemical potential (symbol: µ) and absolute temperature (symbol: T). The ensemble is...

is the entropy, μ is the chemical potential, and N is the number of particles in the system. The change in the grand potential is given by d Φ G = d U...

fuel — see food energy). In chemical thermodynamics, the term used for the chemical potential energy is chemical potential, and sometimes the Gibbs-Duhem...

machines. For example, to heat a home, the furnace burns fuel, whose chemical potential energy is converted into thermal energy, which is then transferred...

forces. The Gibbs energy is the thermodynamic potential that is minimized when a system reaches chemical equilibrium at constant pressure and temperature...

of a chemical species to acquire electrons from or lose electrons to an electrode and thereby be reduced or oxidised respectively. Redox potential is expressed...

the potential energy stored by an object (for instance due to its position in a field), the elastic energy stored in a solid object, chemical energy...

also known as (electrical) potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points. In a...

to a potential difference (voltage) between the terminals is accomplished by chemical reactions at the electrodes that convert chemical potential energy...

Lennard-Jones potential (also termed the LJ potential or 12-6 potential; named for John Lennard-Jones) is an intermolecular pair potential. Out of all the...

the electrochemical potential of a species is defined as a sum of its chemical potential and the local electrostatic potential: μ ¯ j = μ j + z j F ϕ...

An action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific cell rapidly rises and falls. This depolarization then causes adjacent locations to...