life, DNA computing, and quantum computing, among others. Computational paradigms studied by natural computing are abstracted from natural phenomena as...

"Natural Computing refers to computational processes observed in nature, and human-designed computing inspired by nature ... molecular computing and...

Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic...

of information in quantum computing, the qubit (or "quantum bit"), serves the same function as the bit in classical computing. However, unlike a classical...

Unconventional computing (also known as alternative computing or nonstandard computation) is computing by any of a wide range of new or unusual methods...

Optical computing or photonic computing uses light waves produced by lasers or incoherent sources for data processing, data storage or data communication...

science, bio-inspired computing relates to artificial intelligence and machine learning. Bio-inspired computing is a major subset of natural computation. Early...

life, DNA computing, and quantum computing, among others. Computational paradigms studied by natural computing are abstracted from natural phenomena as...

DNA computing is an emerging branch of unconventional computing which uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional...

traditional hard-computing algorithms heavily rely on concrete data and mathematical models to produce solutions to problems. Soft computing was coined in...

augmented reality, mixed reality, natural user interface, contextual computing, affective computing, and ubiquitous computing. The usage for labeling and discussing...

"Evaluation Function (Fitness Function)". Introduction to Evolutionary Computing. Natural Computing Series (2nd ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. p. 30. doi:10...

Eiben, A.E.; Smith, J.E. (2015). Introduction to Evolutionary Computing. Natural Computing Series. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44874-8...

Evolutionary computing as a field began in earnest in the 1950s and 1960s. There were several independent attempts to use the process of evolution in computing at...

and databases. In the early days of computing, a number of terms for the practitioners of the field of computing were suggested in the Communications...

Semantic computing is a field of computing that combines elements of semantic analysis, natural language processing, data mining, knowledge graphs, and...

"Components of Evolutionary Algorithms". Introduction to Evolutionary Computing. Natural Computing Series. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 28–34. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44874-8...

(Mutation and Recombination)". Introduction to Evolutionary Computing. Natural Computing Series. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 31–32. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44874-8...

Quantum natural language processing (QNLP) is the application of quantum computing to natural language processing (NLP). It computes word embeddings as...

particle swarm optimization. Part I: background and development". Natural Computing. 6 (4): 467–484. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.605.5879. doi:10.1007/s11047-007-9049-5...

YouTube video integrated into the material. DNA computing DNA nanotechnology Nanobiotechnology Natural computing Plant-based digital data storage 5D optical...

digital signal processing, cloud computing, data science, ethics, law, and information security. Voice computing has become increasingly significant...

Evolutionary computing Metaheuristics Stochastic optimization Optimization Evolutionary algorithms is a sub-field of evolutionary computing. Evolution strategies...

Grammars and Computing by Graph Transformation", "Handbook of Membrane Computing" (Oxford University Press), and the "Handbook of Natural Computing" (4 volumes...

computability theory include: What does it mean for a function on the natural numbers to be computable? How can noncomputable functions be classified into a hierarchy...

operator. Equivalently, computable functions can be formalized as functions which can be calculated by an idealized computing agent such as a Turing machine...

ISBN 978-3319314853. Akiba, Fuminori (2013). "Preface: Natural Computing and Computational Aesthetics". Natural Computing and Beyond. Proceedings in Information and...

Eiben, A.E.; Smith, J.E. (2015). Introduction to Evolutionary Computing. Natural Computing Series. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. p. 40. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44874-8...

Church–Turing thesis conjectures that there is no effective model of computing that can compute more mathematical functions than a Turing machine. Computer scientists...

of computable functions. It states that a function on the natural numbers can be calculated by an effective method if and only if it is computable by...