The normalized Google distance (NGD) is a semantic similarity measure derived from the number of hits returned by the Google search engine for a given...

Normalized compression distance (NCD) is a way of measuring the similarity between two objects, be it two documents, two letters, two emails, two music...

long pre-processing times NGD (normalized Google distance): (+) large vocab, because it uses any search engine (like Google); (−) can measure relatedness...

books. As of 2020 his work on normalized compression distance was used in 15 US patents and on normalized Google distance in 10 US patents. Together with...

in. It is applied in the normalized compression distance and the normalized Google distance. Formally the information distance I D ( x , y ) {\displaystyle...

PageRank (PR) is an algorithm used by Google Search to rank web pages in their search engine results. It is named after both the term "web page" and co-founder...

Vitanyi – Kolmogorov complexity, Information distance, Normalized compression distance, Normalized Google distance Andrew Viterbi – Viterbi algorithm Jeffrey...

between faces based on the square of the Euclidean distance between the images' corresponding normalized vectors in the 128-dimensional Euclidean space....

appropriately normalized values and using the arithmetic mean, we can show either of the other two computers to be the fastest. Normalizing by A's result...

for points below the surface. Elevation is not to be confused with the distance from the center of the Earth. Due to the equatorial bulge, the summits...

Belikov, Vitaly V. (22 September 2015). "A citation-based, author- and age-normalized, logarithmic index for evaluation of individual researchers independently...

transformer is a deep learning architecture developed by researchers at Google and based on the multi-head attention mechanism, proposed in the 2017 paper...

model Thought vector fastText GloVe ELMo BERT (language model) Normalized compression distance Mikolov, Tomas; Chen, Kai; Corrado, Greg; Dean, Jeffrey (16...

ship or aircraft) along a great circle. Such routes yield the shortest distance between two points on the globe. The great circle path may be found using...

and the product of their standard deviations; thus, it is essentially a normalized measurement of the covariance, such that the result always has a value...

indices B I {\displaystyle B^{I}} and B I I {\displaystyle B^{II}} . Chance normalized versions of recall, precision and G-measure correspond to Informedness...

Robinson-Foulds distances was cited more than 2700 times by 2023 based on Google Scholar). Nevertheless, the biases inherent to the RF distances suggest that...

gave it in an un-normalized form in her paper, which leaves the relative sizes of A, B, and f  ambiguous; it is shown here in normalized form (i.e. this...

Among these are normalized variants and generalizations to more than two variables. Many applications require a metric, that is, a distance measure between...

soldiers laughing and celebrating as they watched the destruction from a distance. On 19 October, a drone struck Benjamin Netanyahu's residence in Caesarea...

just go in and say, 'If you're within X distance of this thing, start to glow and take my distance to it, normalize it zero to one and then just lerp [linearly...

learning experiments. Furthermore, the black and white images from NIST were normalized to fit into a 28x28 pixel bounding box and anti-aliased, which introduced...

Gutenberg Making electronic images of printed documents searchable, e.g. Google Books Converting handwriting in real-time to control a computer (pen computing)...

In legal terminology, the assured clear distance ahead (ACDA) is the distance ahead of any terrestrial locomotive device such as a land vehicle, typically...

scored above 90 for around two-thirds of the proteins in CASP's global distance test (GDT), a test that measures the degree to which a computational program...

node u ∈ V {\displaystyle u\in V} to node v ∈ V {\displaystyle v\in V} . Normalized attention coefficients are computed as follows: α u v = exp ⁡ ( LeakyReLU...

"worst" normalized value, leaving 7 bytes for vendor data. In the 6-byte setup, the first byte of "vendor-specific" is used to store a "worst" normalized value...

South Korea and Japan from October 1951 to June 1965[citation needed] to normalize diplomatic relations. Over that period of 14 years, a total of seven talks...

represented by a different letter on the diagram, are compared, and the distance between each model and the point labeled “observed” is a measure of how...

generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received...