the null distribution is the probability distribution of the test statistic when the null hypothesis is true. For example, in an F-test, the null distribution...

samples. The null distribution of this statistic is calculated under the null hypothesis that the sample is drawn from the reference distribution (in the one-sample...

George W. Snedecor), is a continuous probability distribution that arises frequently as the null distribution of a test statistic, most notably in the analysis...

{\displaystyle p} -value by comparing T {\displaystyle T} to its distribution under the null hypothesis. The ranks are defined so that R i {\displaystyle...

scientific research, the null hypothesis (often denoted H0) is the claim that the effect being studied does not exist. The null hypothesis can also be described...

within them. Null distribution: For data which can be negative as well as positive, the null distribution for cosine similarity is the distribution of the dot...

generalization of the chi-squared distribution. It often arises in the power analysis of statistical tests in which the null distribution is (perhaps asymptotically)...

follows a χ2 frequency distribution. The purpose of the test is to evaluate how likely the observed frequencies would be assuming the null hypothesis is true...

determine the p-value for X2. The distribution of X2 is a chi-squared distribution for the following reason; under the null hypothesis for test i, the p-value...

that the given data set {x1, ..., xn} comes from a normal distribution. Typically the null hypothesis H0 is that the observations are distributed normally...

test is called a null hypothesis test. As our statistical hypothesis will, by definition, state some property of the distribution, the null hypothesis is...

important property of a test statistic is that its sampling distribution under the null hypothesis must be calculable, either exactly or approximately...

Under the null hypothesis H0, the distributions of both populations are identical. The alternative hypothesis H1 is that the distributions are not identical...

one end of the null distribution and is twice the size (5% vs. 2.5%) of each rejection region for a two-tailed test. As a result, the null hypothesis can...

of an identically shaped and scaled distribution for all groups, except for any difference in medians, then the null hypothesis is that the medians of all...

test the null hypothesis that data come from a normally distributed population, when the null hypothesis does not specify which normal distribution; i.e....

drawn from a given population." Thus the null hypothesis is that a population is described by some distribution predicted by theory. He uses as an example...

{\displaystyle \sum _{i}O_{i}=N} . The null hypothesis is that the count numbers are sampled from a multinomial distribution M u l t i n o m i a l ( N ; p 1...

test in order to produce a null distribution for the ES. The P value is determined by comparison to the null distribution. Calculating significance this...

observed data. In certain chi-square tests, one rejects a null hypothesis about a population distribution if a specified test statistic is too large, when that...

{\displaystyle D_{i}=0} ), then T i {\displaystyle T_{i}} follows the null distribution F 0 {\displaystyle F_{0}} ; while if H 1 {\displaystyle H_{1}} is...

F(p,n_{x}+n_{y}-1-p).} The non-null distribution of this statistic is the noncentral F-distribution (the ratio of a non-central Chi-squared random...

the distribution of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ, in the null case (zero correlation) is well approximated by the t distribution for sample...

the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis can be approximated by a normal distribution. Z-test tests the mean of a distribution. For...

under the null hypothesis of no spatial autocorrelation is E ( I ) = − 1 N − 1 {\displaystyle E(I)={\frac {-1}{N-1}}} The null distribution used for this...

the null hypothesis. Alternative names are one-sided and two-sided tests; the terminology "tail" is used because the extreme portions of distributions, where...

distributed when the difference tested is null, the noncentral distribution describes how t is distributed when the null is false. This leads to its use in statistics...

multivariate distributions with the chiral index, which takes values in the interval [0;1], and which is null if and only if the distribution is mirror symmetric...

Student's t-distribution under the null hypothesis. It is most commonly applied when the test statistic would follow a normal distribution if the value...

probability and statistics Novikov's condition np-chart Null distribution Null hypothesis Null result Nuisance parameter Nuisance variable Numerical data...