band that moved downwards. This effect is a weak form of paramagnetism known as Pauli paramagnetism. The effect always competes with a diamagnetic response...

in most materials, although superconductors exhibit a strong effect. Paramagnetism is a form of magnetism which occurs only in the presence of an externally...

leads to what is known as Langevin paramagnetism (the quantum theory is sometimes called Brillouin paramagnetism), that leads to a positive magnetic...

field. However, other forms of magnetism (such as ferromagnetism or paramagnetism) are so much stronger such that, when different forms of magnetism are...

one or more unpaired electrons are paramagnetic. The magnitude of the paramagnetism is expressed as an effective magnetic moment, μeff. For first-row transition...

explanations based on classical physics can be formulated, diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism can be fully explained only using quantum theory...

Liquid Oxygen—Paramagnetism and Color, West Lafayette, IN, USA: Purdue University Department of Chemistry, see Liquid Oxygen---Paramagnetism and Color and...

magnetic field: an alignment with the magnetic field, χ > 0, called paramagnetism, or an alignment against the field, χ < 0, called diamagnetism. Magnetic...

Both dioxygen and the superoxide anion are free radicals that exhibit paramagnetism. Superoxide was historically also known as "hyperoxide". Superoxide...

studied ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and diamagnetism for his doctoral thesis, and discovered the effect of temperature on paramagnetism which is now known...

magnet. Substances respond weakly to three other types of magnetism—paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism—but the forces are usually so...

effects dominate, like Langevin diamagnetism or Van Vleck paramagnetism. A simple model of a paramagnet concentrates on the particles which compose it which...

force on the paramagnet (or diamagnet) per unit volume (i.e. force density). In diamagnets ( χ < 0 {\displaystyle \chi <0} ) and paramagnets ( χ > 0 {\displaystyle...

liquid oxygen (O2) is poured from a beaker into a strong magnet, the oxygen is temporarily suspended between the magnet poles, owing to its paramagnetism....

forces on "nonmagnetic" materials by three other magnetic effects: paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism, although these forces are usually...

rules, they remain unpaired and spin-parallel, which accounts for the paramagnetism of molecular oxygen. These half-filled orbitals are antibonding in character...

magnetization continues to increase very slowly with the field due to paramagnetism.) Saturation is a characteristic of ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic...

two 3-electron bonds and one 2-electron bond, which accounts for its paramagnetism and its formal bond order of 2. Chlorine dioxide and its heavier analogues...

nanoparticles, similarly to a paramagnet. However, their magnetic susceptibility is much larger than that of paramagnets. Normally, any ferromagnetic or...

with a magnetic field. Only elements with unpaired electrons exhibit paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, and antiferromagnetism. N. C. Norman (1997). Periodicity...

doi:10.1016/S0065-2725(08)60422-5. ISBN 978-0-12-020762-6. However, paramagnetism does not necessarily imply radical character. Linde, C.; Åkermark, B...

a net magnetic moment (it is paramagnetic). The explanation of the paramagnetism of dioxygen was a major success for molecular orbital theory. The electronic...

Fermi–Dirac statistics. Using this idea, he developed the theory of paramagnetism in 1926. Pauli said, “Festkörperphysik ist eine Schmutzphysik”—solid-state...

of the same magnitude in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Paramagnetism: The magnetic moments in a paramagnetic material are disordered in the...

shielding tensor). This paramagnetic contribution, which is unrelated to paramagnetism) not only disrupts trends in chemical shifts, which complicates assignments...

include the liquid–liquid critical points in mixtures, and the ferromagnet–paramagnet transition (Curie temperature) in the absence of an external magnetic...

can flip the magnetic dipoles that make up the material causing both paramagnetism and ferromagnetism. Additionally, the magnetic field can affect the...

electrons, calcium, iron and magnesium in particular contribute to paramagnetism in soil which aid in cation exchange capacity. The calcium and magnesium...

spectroscopy as well as XPS). The material as a whole behaves as a Van Vleck paramagnet, despite its low-spin divalency. The sulfur centers occur in pairs, described...

magnetic field L-shell List of artificial radiation belts Space weather Paramagnetism Orbital periods and speeds are calculated using the relations 4π2R3 = T2GM...