The Patrimony of Saint Peter (Latin: Patrimonium Sancti Petri) originally designated the landed possessions and revenues of various kinds that belonged...

Jurisdiction Act 1560 Papal supremacy Patrimony of Saint Peter Political theology Pontifex Maximus Primacy of the Bishop of Rome Prisoner in the Vatican Roman...

included the fiscal administration of the Patrimony of Saint Peter. As regulated in the apostolic constitution Pastor bonus of 1988, the Camerlengo is always...

Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican City (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Citta di Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica (Latin:...

Charlemagne in 774, marked the beginning of the temporal power of the popes as the Patrimony of Saint Peter. The archbishoprics within the former exarchate...

to variously as the State(s) of the Church, the Pontifical States, the Ecclesiastical States, the Patrimony of St Peter or the Roman States (Italian:...

regarding the "Patrimony of Saint Peter" in the 10th century, to the Investiture Controversy in 1076–1122, and settled again by the Concordat of Worms in 1122...

Kingdom of Piedmont. Before becoming a possession of the House of Savoy, the medieval Kingdom of Sardinia had been part of the Crown of Aragon and then of the...

Principality of Benevento was a principality in Italy created by Napoleon after he became King of Italy in 1805. Its territory mostly coincided with that of the...

patron saint being considered as the guardian of the State's sovereignty, becoming its symbol. The republic thus came to be called the Republic of Saint Mark...

of Paris of 1817, in execution of the art. 99 of the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, the Duchy of Lucca was then annexed by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany...

The kings of the Lombards or reges Langobardorum (singular rex Langobardorum) were the monarchs of the Lombard people from the early 6th century until...

beginning the War of the Seventh Coalition. After his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was transported by Britain to the island of Saint Helena where...

The king of Rome (Latin: rex Romae) was the ruler of the Roman Kingdom. According to legend, the first king of Rome was Romulus, who founded the city...

in what is now the hamlet (frazione) of Cospaia, in the municipality (comune) of San Giustino, in the Province of Perugia. Cospaia unexpectedly gained...

The March of Tuscany (Latin: Marchiae Tusciae; Modern Italian: Marca di Tuscia [ˈmarka di ˈtuʃʃa]) was a march of the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy Roman...

ruled by the Carolingian dynasty, which had ruled as kings of the Franks since 751 and as kings of the Lombards in Italy from 774. In 800, the Frankish king...

control of the Holy See. The Duchy of Castro operated as a functioning State within the Patrimony of Saint Peter. It possessed rich forests full of game...

ISBN 978-0871697240. Heather, Peter (2000). The Western Empire, 425–76. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1139054416. Heather, Peter (2005). The Fall of the Roman Empire:...

referred to as the Roman monarchy or the regal period of ancient Rome, was the earliest period of Roman history when the city and its territory were ruled...

provided that Rome and the "Patrimony of Saint Peter" were left intact. It was in this situation that a Sardinian force of two army corps, under generals...

younger son Peter II was invited to England by King Henry III, who had married Peter's niece Eleanor of Provence. He was appointed Lord Warden of the Cinque...

Republic of Lucca Republic of Siena Republic of Ancona Republic of Noli Republic of Ragusa Republic of San Marino Principality of Benevento Principality of Salerno...

of Sicily and Apulia. Following the rebellion in 1282, King Charles I of Sicily (Charles of Anjou) was forced to leave the island of Sicily by Peter III...

army returned to Genoa with the relics of Saint John the Baptist, granted to the Republic of Genoa as part of their reward for providing military support...

innovative use of pendentives and highly decorative interior was imitated as far north as the Cathedral of Saint Sophia in Novgorod and the Saint Sophia Cathedral...

was completely ineffectual. Peter III of Aragon, Manfred's son in law, of the House of Barcelona, conquered the island of Sicily from Charles I in 1282...

revolutionary, pattern. The coat of arms was specified in a decree on 13 May 1802. A treaty of friendship and commerce with the Republic of San Marino was signed...

The Duchy of Florence (Italian: Ducato di Firenze) was an Italian principality that was centred on the city of Florence, in Tuscany, Italy. The duchy was...

The Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Italian: Ducato di Modena e Reggio; Latin: Ducatus Mutinae et Regii; Emilian: Duchêt ed Mòdna e Rèz) was an Italian state...