Somatic hypermutation (or SHM) is a cellular mechanism by which the immune system adapts to the new foreign elements that confront it (e.g. microbes)...

chains undergo a high rate of point mutation, by a process called somatic hypermutation (SHM). SHM results in approximately one nucleotide change per variable...

experimental results in the fields of epigenetics, genetics, and somatic hypermutation proved the possibility of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance...

step in affinity maturation, somatic hypermutation helps B cells produce antibodies with greater antigen affinity. Somatic mutations accumulate within...

deaminase (AID) that is essential for class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. He was elected as a foreign associate of the National Academy of...

promotes B cell proliferation, immunoglobulin class switching, and somatic hypermutation as well as sustains T cell growth and differentiation. T cell-derived...

proliferate, differentiate, and mutate their antibody genes (through somatic hypermutation aimed at achieving higher affinity) during a normal immune response;...

cells normally engulf B cells that have undergone apoptosis after somatic hypermutation. In some people with SLE, significantly fewer TBMs can be found...

Reed–Sternberg cells have undergone both V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation, establishing an origin from a germinal center or postgerminal center...

member of the cytidine deaminase family. The protein is involved in somatic hypermutation, gene conversion, and class-switch recombination of immunoglobulin...

The system is highly adaptable because of two factors. First, somatic hypermutation is a process of accelerated random genetic mutations in the antibody-coding...

immunoglobulin of germinal center B cells and as a direct result of somatic hypermutation (SHM) and selection by TFH cells. The process is thought to involve...

Deaminase (AICDA) and functions as a DNA-editing deaminase that induces somatic hypermutation, class switch recombination, and immunoglobulin gene conversion...

reproduction is inspired by cell division, and variation is inspired by somatic hypermutation. Clonal selection algorithms are most commonly applied to optimization...

mutation of the genetic coding region of their BCR, a process known as somatic hypermutation. The mutations will either increase or decrease the affinity of...

Hong Kong, MTR station code Simple harmonic motion, in physics Somatic hypermutation, allowing immune system adaptation Structural health monitoring...

cytokine interferon-gamma. Since B cell maturation also involves somatic hypermutation (a process completed before differentiation into a plasma cell)...

cognate FTh cell is found it will upregulate CD40L and promote somatic hypermutation and isotype class switching of the B cell, increasing its antigen...

Furthermore, the intrathecal oligoclonal expansion with a constant somatic hypermutation is unique in multiple sclerosis when compared to other neuroinflammatory...

Embryology Homeobox Human somatic variation Polyploidy Robertsonian translocation Signature-tagged mutagenesis Somatic hypermutation TILLING (molecular biology)...

follicles of the lymph nodes, preventing B cells from undergoing somatic hypermutation. Mutations in BCL6 can lead to B cell lymphomas because it promotes...

DNA polymerase eta (POLH). This happens in B-lymphocytes during somatic hypermutation, where POLH is used to introduce genetic variation into antibody...

deamination of cytosine to uracil in DNA and results in somatic hypermutation. This somatic hypermutation allows for immunoglobulin class switching but also...

recombination downstream of the AICDA gene that does not impair somatic hypermutation. Hyper IgM syndromes is a group of primary immune deficiency disorders...

(palindromic nucleotides at sites of single-strand breaks) N-nucleotides Somatic hypermutations The word idiotype comes from two Greek roots, idio meaning 'private...

chains. The defect in the immunoglobulins presumably arises during somatic hypermutation. Deletion of the N-terminal part of the heavy chain disease protein...

receptors mainly through the rearrangement of V(D)J gene segments and somatic hypermutation, but none of the fundamental AIS recognition elements in jawed vertebrates...

for paratopes of antibodies. These frequent mutations are termed somatic hypermutation. Each such mutation alters the epitope-binding ability of the paratope...

cells to proliferate and to undergo class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. Th2 cells, through production of IL-4, have an important function...

Unlike immunoglobulins, however, TCR genes do not undergo somatic hypermutation, and T cells do not express activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)...