A spatial reference system (SRS) or coordinate reference system (CRS) is a framework used to precisely measure locations on the surface of Earth as coordinates...

The National Spatial Reference System (NSRS), managed by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS), is a coordinate system that includes latitude, longitude,...

coordinate system – also called a projected coordinate reference system, planar coordinate system, or grid reference system – is a type of spatial reference system...

It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although...

The Military Grid Reference System (MGRS) is the geocoordinate standard used by NATO militaries for locating points on Earth. The MGRS is derived from...

reference systems (WKT or WKT-CRS) is a text markup language for representing spatial reference systems and transformations between spatial reference...

spatial databases also support the storage of raster data. Because all geographic locations must be specified according to a spatial reference system...

The Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) consists of a global reference ellipsoid and a normal gravity model. The GRS80 gravity model has been followed...

Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations...

datum or geodetic system (also: geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame, or terrestrial reference frame) is a global...

geographic space (usually a scanned map or aerial photograph) to a spatial reference system, thus locating the digital data in the real world. It is thus the...

(also EPSG registry) is a public registry of geodetic datums, spatial reference systems, Earth ellipsoids, coordinate transformations and related units...

commentaries for their derivation have also been given. The WGS 84 spatial reference system describes Earth as an oblate spheroid along north-south axis with...

The European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89) is an ECEF (Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed) geodetic Cartesian reference frame, in which the Eurasian...

geographic applications, a geodesic reference ellipsoid is the mathematical model used as foundation by spatial reference system or geodetic datum definitions...

88 was affirmed as the official vertical datum in the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) for the Conterminous United States and Alaska. (see Federal...

The Global Area Reference System (GARS) is a standardized geospatial reference system developed by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) for...

Local tangent plane coordinates (LTP) are part of a spatial reference system based on the tangent plane defined by the local vertical direction and the...

solar system. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. p. 704. ISBN 9783527408566. Chicaiza, E.G.; Leiva, C.A.; Arranz, J.J.; Buenańo, X.E. (14 June 2017). "Spatial uncertainty...

Geographic information systems (GIS), spatial database management and geographic information technology (GeoIT) Spatial analysis, spatial data mining and knowledge...

Spatial Reference System, NAD 83, along with North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88), are set to be replaced with a new geometric reference frame...

webpage for WGS 84 Geodesy for the Layman, Chapter VIII, "The World Geodetic System" Spatial reference for EPSG:4326 ANTEX (.atx) files that define IGS20...

The Irish grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references used for paper mapping in Ireland (both Northern Ireland and the Republic of...

conditions, aviators may determine aircraft attitude by reference to an attitude indicator. Spatial disorientation can occur in other situations where visibility...

Geodetic Survey (NGS) and predecessor agencies manages the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS), which includes permanent survey marks for horizontal position...

a short period of time. There are two basic types of reference locality – temporal and spatial locality. Temporal locality refers to the reuse of specific...

Pokémon Go. Reference frames: realization and densification of the terrestrial reference frames in the framework of Global Geodetic Observing System. Co-location...

Survey National Grid reference system (OSGB), also known as British National Grid (BNG), is a system of geographic grid references, distinct from latitude...

Legenda, or the MKRC Legenda system, is a Soviet satellite targeting system mated to the SS-N-19 missile. It consisted of the US-P SIGINT satellites and...

release the new spatial reference system and new zones in 2025. As with earlier systems, the name of the new system, State Plane Coordinate System of 2022, indicates...