No true Scotsman or appeal to purity is an informal fallacy in which one attempts to protect an initial a posteriori claim from a subsequent falsifying...

"True Scotsman" is a humorous term used in Scotland for a man wearing a kilt without undergarments. Though the tradition originated in the military, it...

exception to a generalization is ignored. No true Scotsman (aka appeal to purity) – makes a generalization true by changing the generalization to exclude...

reality itself Mental reservation: A doctrine in moral theology No true Scotsman: Changing a definition to exclude a counter-example Persuasive definition:...

believe X to be true for fallacious reasons, X might still be true. Their motivations for believing X do not affect whether X is true or false. Y = most...

equivalence False attribution Quoting out of context Loki's Wager No true Scotsman Reification Question-begging Circular reasoning / Begging the question...

equivalence False attribution Quoting out of context Loki's Wager No true Scotsman Reification Question-begging Circular reasoning / Begging the question...

Harris criticized such usage of the motte-and-bailey concept for "avoiding a true fight" by portraying the other unfairly, which Harris called the "offensive...

equivalence False attribution Quoting out of context Loki's Wager No true Scotsman Reification Question-begging Circular reasoning / Begging the question...

equivalence False attribution Quoting out of context Loki's Wager No true Scotsman Reification Question-begging Circular reasoning / Begging the question...

classification). There are many subtypes of semantic arguments such as: No True Scotsman arguments, Arguments from Verbal Classification, Arguments from definition...

x} is super-true (i.e. V ( x ) = True {\displaystyle V(x)={\text{True}}} ) if and only if v ( x ) = True {\displaystyle v(x)={\text{True}}} for every...

poisoned-well "argument" has the following form: Unfavorable information (be it true or false) about person A is presented by another (e.g. "Before you listen...

follows the template (i.e. pattern): Person A claims that statement X is true. Person B asserts that A's actions or past claims are inconsistent with the...

with a false antecedent, can still have a consequent that happens to be true. The fallacy is in concluding the consequent of a fallacious argument has...

Circular reasoning is often of the form: "A is true because B is true; B is true because A is true." Circularity can be difficult to detect if it involves...

that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proven false or a proposition is false because it has not yet been proven true. If a proposition has...

generalization usually follows the pattern: X is true for A. X is true for B. Therefore, X is true for C, D, E, etc. For example, if a person travels...

equivalence False attribution Quoting out of context Loki's Wager No true Scotsman Reification Question-begging Circular reasoning / Begging the question...

equivalence False attribution Quoting out of context Loki's Wager No true Scotsman Reification Question-begging Circular reasoning / Begging the question...

equivalence False attribution Quoting out of context Loki's Wager No true Scotsman Reification Question-begging Circular reasoning / Begging the question...

equivalence False attribution Quoting out of context Loki's Wager No true Scotsman Reification Question-begging Circular reasoning / Begging the question...

equivalence False attribution Quoting out of context Loki's Wager No true Scotsman Reification Question-begging Circular reasoning / Begging the question...

if a statement is true in one case, it is true in the next case, and hence by repeatedly applying this, it can be shown to be true for all cases. The...

equivalence False attribution Quoting out of context Loki's Wager No true Scotsman Reification Question-begging Circular reasoning / Begging the question...

conditional: if p then q symbolized as p → q. That is, "if circumstance p is true, then q follows." In that sense, it is always correct to say "Correlation...

relationship between two statements where one must be false and the other true. In formal logic this is known as the exclusive or relationship; traditionally...

that proves the rule Hard cases make bad law Moving the goalposts No true Scotsman Relativist fallacy "special pleading". English Oxford Living Dictionaries...

equivalence False attribution Quoting out of context Loki's Wager No true Scotsman Reification Question-begging Circular reasoning / Begging the question...

equivalence False attribution Quoting out of context Loki's Wager No true Scotsman Reification Question-begging Circular reasoning / Begging the question...