The vertebrate mitochondrial code (translation table 2) is the genetic code found in the mitochondria of all vertebrata. AGA and AGG were thought to have...

different genetic codes. When translating from genome to protein, the use of the correct genetic code is essential. The mitochondrial codes are the relatively...

or Met (M)-Asn (N), respectively (when translating with the vertebrate mitochondrial code). When DNA is double-stranded, six possible reading frames are...

the creation of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups to study population genetics. Eighty percent of mitochondrial DNA codes for mitochondrial RNA, and therefore...

protein-coding regions, tRNAs are present. Mitochondrial tRNA genes have different sequences from the nuclear tRNAs, but lookalikes of mitochondrial tRNAs...

569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins. As in other vertebrates, the human mitochondrial genetic code differs slightly from nuclear DNA. Since animal mtDNA...

The standard code The vertebrate mitochondrial code The yeast mitochondrial code The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma...

vertebrate mitochondrial code, Drosophila mitochondrial code, and yeast mitochondrial code. Users may add, remove, or edit any genetic code table. In addition...

ribosome and can be translated into amino acids (AA) under the vertebrate mitochondrial code: |Start|AAC GAA AAT CTG TTC GCT TCA ... |Start|123 123 123 123...

The invertebrate mitochondrial code (translation table 5) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of invertebrates. Mitochondria contain their...

400 (31.75%) possible adjacent amino acid combinations in the vertebrate mitochondrial code creates an off-frame stop codon. This suggests that substitutions...

have been found in the mitochondrial genomes of vertebrates, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Thraustochytrium. The nuclear genetic code is flexible as illustrated...

The ascidian mitochondrial code (translation table 13) is a genetic code found in the mitochondria of Ascidia.    AAs = FFLLSSSSYY**CCWWLLLLPPPPHHQQR...

cyclophilin-like protein and inner mitochondrial membrane protease ATP23, which are exclusively shared by all vertebrates, tunicates and cephalochordates...

DNA, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which codes for components of the electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane...

codon table can be used to translate a genetic code into a sequence of amino acids. The standard genetic code is traditionally represented as an RNA codon...

and mRNA synthesis, proteins coded for by nuclear genes are still required for the mtDNA to replicate or for mitochondrial proteins to be translated. There...

the large stretches of mitochondrial DNA in the nuclear genome. Currently, the whole genomes of many eukaryotes, both vertebrate and invertebrate, have...

treated separately as the nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA sequences and various types of DNA that...

enzymes, ACTH also enhances transcription of mitochondrial genes that encode for subunits of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation systems. These actions...

carnitine in humans include the following: fatty acid transport across the mitochondrial membrane by forming long-chain acylcarnitine esters which are shuttled...

amphioxus propose a paraphyletic relationship with the vertebrate TLR lineage. The mitochondrial genome of Branchiostoma lanceolatum has been sequenced...

ferritin and appears to have no introns (intronless) in its genetic code. The mitochondrial ferritin's Ramachandran plot shows its structure to be mainly alpha...

variations in sequence, the dipole moment of vertebrate cytochromes c is remarkably conserved. For example, vertebrate cytochromes c all have a dipole moment...

adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process is an important component of all vertebrates' bioenergetic systems. For instance, while the human body only produces...

effective against invertebrate prey, but its venom is ineffective in vertebrates. This arachnid's silk has been researched extensively and has several...

delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1863, Huxley grouped the vertebrate classes informally into mammals, sauroids, and ichthyoids (the latter...

inhabit all the continents except Antarctica. Reptiles are tetrapod vertebrates, creatures that either have four limbs or, like snakes, are descended...

A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is...

still present, the synapsids evolved the first fully terrestrial large vertebrates, the pelycosaurs such as Edaphosaurus. In the mid-Permian period, the...