involved more hardship and inconvenience than Wehrersatzdienst. In 2004, military service and Wehrersatzdienst were then made to last equal lengths of time...

Military service in the Guard regiment was completed as WED (abbr. Wehrersatzdienst, alternative military service). In contrast to the National People's...

were allowed to perform civilian alternative service (Zivildienst or Wehrersatzdienst). The conscientious objection had to be declared in a personal letter...

together performed the Conscription Totalverweigerung [de], thus also the Wehrersatzdienst [de]. From 1986 to 1991, he first studied politics, sociology, history...