The ionosphere (/aɪˈɒnəˌsfɪər/) is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, a region...
53 KB (6,638 words) - 05:16, 12 August 2024
researches the ionosphere – the highest, ionized part of Earth's atmosphere. The most prominent instrument at HAARP is the Ionospheric Research Instrument...
57 KB (6,355 words) - 20:39, 11 August 2024
Schumann resonances (redirect from Earth-ionosphere cavity resonance)
lightning discharges in the cavity formed by the Earth's surface and the ionosphere. The global electromagnetic resonance phenomenon is named after physicist...
55 KB (6,095 words) - 23:14, 12 August 2024
telecommunication and radio science, an ionospheric sounding is a technique that provides real-time data on high-frequency ionospheric-dependent radio propagation...
2 KB (197 words) - 23:24, 20 August 2023
satellite systems (GNSS) are subjected to errors induced by the ionosphere. Because ionospheric delay affects the speed of microwave signals differently depending...
2 KB (211 words) - 11:29, 3 March 2024
Ionospheric storms are storms which contain varying densities of energised electrons in the ionosphere as produced from the Sun. Ionospheric storms are...
25 KB (3,229 words) - 14:49, 27 February 2024
Arecibo Observatory (redirect from National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center)
also known as the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC) and formerly known as the Arecibo Ionosphere Observatory, is an observatory in Barrio...
31 KB (2,720 words) - 16:04, 21 August 2024
An ionospheric heater, or an ionospheric HF pump facility, is a powerful radio wave transmitter with an array of antennas which is used for research of...
5 KB (631 words) - 23:00, 12 May 2024
Solar flare (section Ionosphere)
particular the ionosphere, and does not reach the surface. This absorption can temporarily increase the ionization of the ionosphere which may interfere...
49 KB (5,229 words) - 18:40, 15 August 2024
Skywave (redirect from Ionospheric reflection)
propagation of radio waves reflected or refracted back toward Earth from the ionosphere, an electrically charged layer of the upper atmosphere. Since it is not...
18 KB (2,296 words) - 07:51, 24 April 2024
the ionosphere, the limiting frequency at or below which a wave component is reflected by, and above which it penetrates through, an ionospheric layer...
7 KB (1,008 words) - 18:20, 1 May 2024
Ionosphere Bay is a small bay bordering the east side of Cape Découverte, Antarctica. It was charted in 1951 by the French Antarctic Expedition and named...
565 bytes (94 words) - 20:38, 23 August 2020
Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) is a satellite designed to investigate changes in the ionosphere of Earth, the dynamic region high in the atmosphere...
17 KB (1,534 words) - 06:27, 19 May 2024
propagate from their lightning source without major attenuation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide, and can be received thousands of kilometres from their source...
19 KB (2,407 words) - 19:14, 8 December 2023
Earth–ionosphere waveguide is the phenomenon in which certain radio waves can propagate in the space between the ground and the boundary of the ionosphere....
12 KB (1,545 words) - 14:08, 18 April 2024
due to the conditions of the local ionosphere, the relevant sky waves are not reflected but penetrate the ionosphere. The skip zone is a natural phenomenon...
3 KB (444 words) - 17:09, 11 August 2024
AM transmissions cannot be ionospheric propagated during the day due to strong absorption in the D-layer of the ionosphere. In a crowded channel environment...
32 KB (3,891 words) - 17:51, 1 July 2024
The Sura Ionospheric Heating Facility, located near the small town of Vasilsursk about 100 km (60 miles) eastward from Nizhniy Novgorod in Russia, is...
3 KB (289 words) - 00:23, 13 May 2024
the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere (formally the ionosphere) and exosphere. The study of Earth's atmosphere and its processes is called...
68 KB (6,944 words) - 12:16, 28 July 2024
is the distance a radio wave travels, usually including a hop in the ionosphere. A skip distance is a distance on the Earth's surface between the two...
2 KB (216 words) - 16:17, 12 June 2023
The TIMED (Thermosphere • Ionosphere • Mesosphere • Energetics and Dynamics) mission is dedicated to study the influences energetics and dynamics of the...
14 KB (1,456 words) - 04:34, 28 July 2024
A sudden ionospheric disturbance (SID) is any one of several ionospheric perturbations, resulting from abnormally high ionization/plasma density in the...
6 KB (666 words) - 05:14, 29 June 2024
shortwave frequencies (MF and HF bands), radio waves can refract from the ionosphere, a layer of charged particles (ions) high in the atmosphere. This means...
27 KB (3,433 words) - 23:42, 19 July 2024
The tiny ionospheric photometer (TIP) is a small space-based photometer that observes the Earth's ionosphere at 135.6 nm. The TIP instruments were designed...
2 KB (155 words) - 14:34, 17 July 2023
Upper-atmospheric lightning and ionospheric lightning are terms sometimes used by researchers to refer to a family of short-lived electrical-breakdown...
31 KB (3,344 words) - 14:34, 22 August 2024
the scattering of radio frequency or lower frequencies from the Earth's ionosphere, resulting in the ability to achieve greater distance radio broadcasting...
7 KB (959 words) - 03:21, 19 August 2023
from a layer of electrically charged atoms in the atmosphere called the Ionosphere. Therefore, short waves directed at an angle into the sky can be reflected...
57 KB (6,036 words) - 13:27, 31 July 2024
SMILE (spacecraft) (redirect from Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)
Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) is a planned joint venture mission between the European Space Agency and the Chinese Academy...
31 KB (2,996 words) - 03:31, 30 June 2024
Ganymede (moon) (section Atmosphere and ionosphere)
hydrogen is a minor atmospheric constituent. Whether Ganymede has an ionosphere associated with its atmosphere is unresolved. Ganymede's discovery is...
111 KB (10,647 words) - 21:52, 23 August 2024
Aurora (section Ionosphere)
into the ionosphere on one side of the pole and out on the other. In between, some of the current connects directly through the ionospheric E layer (125 km);...
117 KB (13,064 words) - 12:08, 25 August 2024