The history of thermodynamics is a fundamental strand in the history of physics, the history of chemistry, and the history of science in general. Due...

The laws of thermodynamics are a set of scientific laws which define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize...

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that studies heat, work, and temperature and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of...

The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy in the context of thermodynamic processes. The law distinguishes...

law of thermodynamics is a physical law based on universal empirical observation concerning heat and energy interconversions. A simple statement of the...

A timeline of events in the history of thermodynamics. 1593 – Galileo Galilei invents one of the first thermoscopes, also known as Galileo thermometer...

appear to be adiabatic for the system. In the early history of thermodynamics, a positive amount of work done by the system on the surroundings leads to...

with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was...

The zeroth law of thermodynamics is one of the four principal laws of thermodynamics. It provides an independent definition of temperature without reference...

for modern chemistry. The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard Gibbs. Arguably...

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed system at thermodynamic equilibrium approaches a constant value when its temperature...

Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the...

physics, black hole thermodynamics is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons...

of thermodynamics History of physics History of the conservation of energy principle History of thermodynamics A Guide to the Scientific Knowledge of...

Entropy Enthalpy History of thermodynamics History of perpetual motion machines Mendoza, E. (1988). Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire – and other...

considered "classical" include thermodynamics (see history of thermodynamics) and electromagnetism (see history of electromagnetism). The critical historical...

In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol G {\displaystyle G} ) is a thermodynamic potential that can be...

of physics Einstein's thought experiments History of quantum field theory History of chemistry History of molecular theory History of thermodynamics Timeline...

the end of the 19th century. In the history of thermodynamics, the initial explanations of heat were thoroughly confused with explanations of combustion...

Carnot's theorem, also called Carnot's rule, is a principle of thermodynamics developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824 that specifies limits on...

quantities in thermodynamics, using mathematical notation, are as follows: Many of the definitions below are also used in the thermodynamics of chemical reactions...

perpetual motion devices were possible or not, but modern theories of thermodynamics have shown that they are impossible. Despite this, many attempts have...

observations of chemical phenomena. The history of chemistry afterwards is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard...

economic history of early steam engines. Oxon: Routledge. p. 5. ISBN 9781138948112. Stone, Joe (2015). Floating Palaces of the Great Lakes: A History of Passenger...

formulated by Johannes Diderik van der Waals in 1873. Lagouge, Michel. "History of Gas Laws" (PDF). "Torricelli's barometric experiment". brunelleschi.imss...

law of thermodynamics. It would be impossible to extract energy as heat from a body at that temperature. Temperature is important in all fields of natural...

thermodynamics, heat is energy in transfer between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings by modes other than thermodynamic work and transfer of...

a modern analysis based on the second law of thermodynamics, but in the 18th and 19th centuries, the fate of the lost energy was still unknown. Gradually...

In thermodynamics, the specific heat capacity (symbol c) of a substance is the amount of heat that must be added to one unit of mass of the substance in...

Tragicomical History of Thermodynamics, 1822–1854, Springer, New York, ISBN 0-387-90403-4, page 52. Truesdell, C.A. (1980). The Tragicomical History of Thermodynamics...