Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a highly potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum...

and potentially fatal illness caused by botulinum toxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The disease begins with weakness, blurred...

Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce botulinum toxin, which is a...

botulinum toxin (LD50 2 ng/kg) as the deadliest toxin in the world. However, these tests are conducted solely on mice, which may react to the toxin differently...

The most common treatment for spasmodic torticollis is the use of botulinum toxin type A. Initial symptoms of spasmodic torticollis are usually mild...

sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin). Toxins are often distinguished from other chemical agents strictly based...

membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The botulinum toxin, which is primarily produced by Clostridium botulinum and less frequently by other Clostridium...

ethanol (drinking alcohol), glutamate, nitric oxide, botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin, and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide...

positioned, whereupon the injection is completed. Some agents (e.g., botulinum toxin) can be injected at the insertional end of a muscle under visual guidance...

Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus is a medical technique used sometimes in the management of strabismus, in which botulinum toxin is injected into...

treatment may improve symptoms. Most commonly this involves injecting botulinum toxin into the affected muscles of the larynx. This generally results in...

carbamazepine (an anticonvulsant drug). Microsurgical decompression and botulinum toxin injections are the current main treatments used for hemifacial spasm...

support for a facial feedback mechanism is provided through the use of botulinum toxin (commonly known as Botox) to temporarily paralyze facial muscles. Botox...

available in China since 2003. Medications such as diazepam, baclofen and botulinum toxin may help relax stiff muscles. Surgery may include lengthening muscles...

access through the skin. Baclofen can also be taken in tablet form Botulinum toxin injections into affected muscles have proved quite successful in providing...

The LD50 of this toxin has been measured to be approximately 1 ng/kg, making it second only to botulinum toxin D as the deadliest toxin in the world. It...

procedures, and mole and scar removal surgeries. The former include Botulinum toxin treatments and face lifts, while the latter include shave excision...

stretching, physiotherapy, and medication such as NSAIDs. Steroid or botulinum toxin injections may be used in those who do not improve. Surgery is not...

"groundbreaking" by the ASCRS. Scott initially developed botulinum type A neurotoxin (botulinum toxin) to treat strabismus, naming it Oculinum™ (“eye aligner”)...

which provides the most efficacy with least side effects. Clostridium botulinum toxin (Botox) injections and ultrasound are also sometimes used for cases...

commercially available botulism anti-toxin that effectively neutralizes all seven known botulinum nerve toxin serotypes (types A, B, C, D, E, F and G)...

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAC1 gene. This gene can produce a variety of alternatively...

discomfort. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is used as a treatment for bruxism. A 2020 overview of systematic reviews found that botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A)...

is botulinum toxin injection. The toxin acts by blocking acetylcholine release at the thyro-arytenoid muscle. Although the use of botulinum toxin injections...

strabismus in certain circumstances. In 1989, the US FDA approved botulinum toxin therapy for strabismus in people over 12 years old. Most commonly used...

PMID 28205574. Mittal, SO; Safarpour, D; Jabbari, B (February 2016). "Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Neuropathic Pain". Seminars in Neurology. 36 (1): 73–83...

cause additional bladder dysfunction, or even rupture the bladder. Botulinum toxin (Botox) can be used through two different approaches. For spastic neurogenic...

exposure. Treatment option include orthodontics, surgery (gingivectomy), botulinum toxin A injections, and micro-autologous fat transplantation (MAFT). Botox...

effects. Well-known exotoxins include: botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum; Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin, produced during life-threatening...

potential of clostridial toxins, particularly botulinum toxin, for various diseases. He emphasized the abundance of protein toxins in clostridia and proposed...