Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, (CTLA-4) also known as CD152 (cluster of differentiation 152), is a protein receptor that functions as an...
30 KB (3,464 words) - 22:51, 24 May 2024
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (section CTLA-4 genes)
CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms may contribute to the reduced inhibition of T-cell proliferation and increase susceptibility to autoimmune response. CTLA-4...
72 KB (7,888 words) - 02:12, 28 August 2024
Checkpoint inhibitor (section CTLA-4 inhibitors)
It blocks the immune checkpoint molecule CTLA-4. Clinical trials have also shown some benefits of anti-CTLA-4 therapy on lung cancer or pancreatic cancer...
21 KB (2,093 words) - 02:41, 1 September 2024
antigen-presenting cells (APC) that, when paired with either a CD28 or CD152 (CTLA-4) surface protein on a T cell, can produce a costimulatory signal or a coinhibitory...
5 KB (637 words) - 09:45, 14 March 2022
Cancer immunotherapy (section CTLA-4 blockade)
blocks the immune checkpoint molecule CTLA-4. As of 2012, clinical trials have also shown some benefits of anti-CTLA-4 therapy on lung cancer or pancreatic...
89 KB (10,343 words) - 08:42, 6 September 2024
antibody medication that works to activate the immune system by targeting CTLA-4, a protein receptor that downregulates the immune system. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes...
47 KB (4,659 words) - 01:32, 18 May 2024
region of the immunoglobulin IgG1 fused to the extracellular domain of CTLA-4. In order for a T cell to be activated and produce an immune response, an...
9 KB (850 words) - 19:46, 17 July 2024
membrane protein of 288 amino acids. PD-1 is a member of the extended CD28/CTLA-4 family of T cell regulators. The protein's structure includes an extracellular...
39 KB (5,010 words) - 05:27, 17 August 2024
type of liver cancer). Tremelimumab is designed to attach to and block CTLA-4, a protein that controls the activity of T cells, which are part of the...
19 KB (1,360 words) - 12:33, 19 August 2024
Downregulation was blocked by anti-CTLA-4 antibody and was cancelled if Treg cells were CTLA-4 deficient. When bound to CTLA-4, CD86 can be removed from the...
27 KB (3,221 words) - 21:13, 25 March 2024
tandem. Both CD80 and CD86 interact with costimulatory receptors CD28, CTLA-4 (CD152) and the p75 neurotrophin receptor. CD80 is a member of the B7 family...
20 KB (2,435 words) - 02:23, 1 September 2024
have lower levels of CTLA-4 than those with CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency, the condition frequently presents earlier in life. CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency results...
61 KB (5,487 words) - 04:55, 9 August 2024
"Loss of CTLA-4 leads to massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction, revealing a critical negative regulatory role of CTLA-4". Immunity...
22 KB (2,834 words) - 09:26, 31 August 2024
molecules such as CTLA-4. Anti-CTLA-4 antibodies cause depletion of Tregs and thus increase CD8+ T cells effective against the tumor. Anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab...
79 KB (9,493 words) - 15:51, 21 June 2024
CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) inhibitors, such as ipilimumab. PD-1 and CTLA-4 are both expressed on activated T cells, but at different...
31 KB (3,266 words) - 05:29, 20 May 2024
paper on the discovery of the function of the immune checkpoint protein CTLA-4, thus opening the path for immunotherapy/checkpoint inhibitors as a means...
18 KB (1,659 words) - 07:44, 27 May 2024
It is a known side-effect of the new immune checkpoint inhibitors of the CTLA-4 inhibitor and PD-L1 inhibitor classes, used for the treatment of melanoma...
6 KB (605 words) - 02:17, 6 September 2024
non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) gene and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene can be associated with childhood allergic rhinitis and allergic...
51 KB (5,512 words) - 15:48, 16 August 2024
of California, Berkeley. In the early 1990s, James Allison showed that CTLA-4 acts as an inhibitory molecule to restrict T-cell responses. In 1996, Allison...
25 KB (2,142 words) - 14:45, 30 August 2024
patients. The approval of anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies for human...
59 KB (6,128 words) - 05:06, 8 July 2024
human CD8+ T cells express high levels of BTLA. CTLA-4: short for Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated protein 4 and also called CD152, is the target of Bristol-Myers...
31 KB (3,467 words) - 01:27, 25 June 2024
(Inducible T-cell COStimulator) gene. The protein belongs to the CD28 and CTLA-4 cell-surface receptor family. These are proteins expressed on the surface...
15 KB (1,933 words) - 21:09, 26 March 2024
immune checkpoint proteins, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Under normal conditions,...
70 KB (8,439 words) - 19:37, 4 September 2024
fragment of a human IgG1 immunoglobulin linked to the extracellular domain of CTLA-4, which is a molecule crucial in the regulation of T cell costimulation,...
4 KB (242 words) - 07:01, 2 December 2023
monoclonal antibodies to CTLA-4 and PD-1, which are proteins on the surface of T cells. T cells attack cancer cells, but CTLA-4 and PD-1 act as "brakes"...
6 KB (615 words) - 07:01, 2 December 2023
called immune checkpoint inhibitors: CTLA-4 is a receptor upregulated on the membrane of activated T lymphocytes, CTLA-4 CD80/86 interaction leads to switch...
33 KB (3,766 words) - 14:14, 19 June 2024
monoclonal antibody that targets Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) on the surface of T cells. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that...
51 KB (5,333 words) - 22:13, 7 September 2024
marker for Treg cells), and HLA-DR (a marker of human T cell activation). CTLA-4 expression is also up-regulated on activated T cells, which in turn outcompetes...
71 KB (9,026 words) - 12:33, 26 April 2024
programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic t-lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) receptors, namely to suppress immunologic response and prevent associated...
46 KB (5,102 words) - 19:50, 8 June 2024
downregulate anticancer immune responses, checkpoints such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 (checkpoint therapy), and antibodies modified to stimulate activation of...
57 KB (4,072 words) - 11:12, 5 August 2024