This is a list of lingua francas. A lingua franca is a language systematically used to make communication possible between people not sharing a first language...

was an Anatolian beylik of Salur tribe origin, centered in South-Central Anatolia around the present-day Karaman Province. From the mid 14th century until...

community native to the geographical region of Cappadocia in central-eastern Anatolia; roughly the Nevşehir and Kayseri provinces and their surroundings in modern-day...

literally 'Romans'). Both terms are endonyms of the pre-Islamic inhabitants of Anatolia, the Middle East and the Balkans and date to when those regions were parts...

Mount Ida in Crete, and Mount Ida in the ancient Troad region of western Anatolia (in modern-day Turkey), which was also known as the Phrygian Ida in classical...

left a rich literary inheritance. The language became the main language (lingua franca) of the Golden Horde. The Cumans were nomadic people who lived on...

area of 3.9 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles) from Anatolia and the Levant in the west to the Hindu Kush in the east, and from Central...

population. The Turkification of Anatolia occurred in the time of the Seljuk Empire and Sultanate of Rum, when Anatolia had been a diverse and largely Greek-speaking...

(1041–1186) and the Sultanate of Rum (1074–1308), which stretched from Iran to Anatolia and were the prime targets of the First Crusade. The Seljuks originated...

language of bureaucracy even by non-native speakers, such as the Ottomans in Anatolia, the Mughals in South Asia, and the Pashtuns in Afghanistan. It influenced...

Akkadian, the contemporary lingua franca for international diplomacy. Arzawa never achieved political or military supremacy over Anatolia. The territory they...

from this language. The term is derived from earlier designations, such as lingua turcica agemica, or Turc Agemi, which was used in a grammar book composed...

traders (756 BC) as well as Samsun, Rize and Amasra. Greek was the lingua franca of Anatolia from the conquests of Alexander the Great up to the invasion of...

administrative and distribution centre of the entire Assyrian colony network in Anatolia". A late record, from circa 1400 BC, recounts the story of a king of Kaneš...

although they showed perfunctory deference to the Caliph. Middle Persian was a lingua franca of the region before the Islamic invasion, but afterwards Arabic...

its important city of Derbent), Mesopotamia, Armenia, Khorasan, Eastern Anatolia, and had made the Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti his vassals....

regions that had large Greek populations (parts of the southern Balkans, Anatolia and Cyprus). The term appeared for the first time during the debates of...

vast conquests, Aramaic became the lingua franca of the Fertile Crescent and much of the Near East and parts of Anatolia, gradually pushing Akkadian, Hebrew...

founded in northwestern Anatolia in c. 1299 by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans...

Middle Assyrian Empire) throughout the later Bronze Age, and became the lingua franca of much of the Ancient Near East by the time of the Bronze Age collapse...

followers. Ismail's rise to power was made possible by the Turkoman tribes of Anatolia and Azerbaijan, who formed the most important part of the Qizilbash movement...

(1999). The myth of the Caucasian Sprachbund: The case of ergativity. Lingua. 108. 1-29. [1] Pereltsvaig, Asya (2012). Languages of the World: An Introduction...

Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Latin Empire, and the Nicaea Empire's Anatolia.: 2 : 283  The Cuman language is attested in some medieval documents and...

because their language was distinct from the contemporaneous lingua franca of western Anatolia. The classical Greek historian Demetrius of Scepsis, native...

its language may become a lingua franca among nations that speak their own national languages. Europe has had no lingua franca ranging over its entire...

Benelli, Enrico (2018). "Aspetti generali. 1.2 Lingua e origini". Gli Etruschi - La scrittura, la lingua, la società (in Italian). Rome: Carocci editore...

counterpart to Angra Mainyu. During the Sasanian Period, the lingua franca of Anatolia was Middle Persian, in which Angra Mainyu was rendered as "Ahriman"...

widespread usage of the Aramaic language after it was adopted as both a lingua franca and the official language of the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian...

parts of Cyprus, some adjacent areas of Anatolia, and, at least as a prestige language, the rest of Anatolia. Phoenician was also spoken in the Phoenician...

settled, whether in their original homelands in the Pontic Alps or Eastern Anatolia, or Georgia and the Lesser Caucasus, they preferred and were most used...