Scarification in Africa is a major aspect of African cultures and cultural practice among African ethnic groups; the practice of scarification in Africa...

intervals, like irritation). Scarification is sometimes called cicatrization (from the French equivalent). Scarification has been traditionally practiced...

Ichi was a form of facial ritual scarification worn by mainly men of the Igbo people of Nigeria. The scarification indicated that the wearer had passed...

origins may not have been recorded in print. Scarification in Africa Chambers, Douglas B. "African Runaway Slaves in the Anglo-American Atlantic World...

multilinear scarification Itoon (diviner's instrument, in form of a hippopotamus); 19th century; wood; 7.5 × 26.6 × 6.4 cm (215⁄16 × 101⁄2 × 21⁄2 in.); Brooklyn...

individuality. In climates which do not require clothing, Indigenous adornments are more often body paint, modifications such as tattoos and scarification, and...

Adedibu Ichi (scarification) list of States of Nigeria located in Yorubaland Lefèber, Yvonne; Henk W. A. Voorhoeve (1998). Indigenous Customs in Childbirth...

Fras Nortier, ascertained that seeds require a process of scarification before they are planted in acidic, sandy soil. By the late 1920s, growing demand for...

made its debut at the Aké Festival in Lagos in 2019. It deals with traditional scarification, which is widespread in Nigeria but also a taboo subject,...

aspects of the culture of Africa, the architecture of Africa is exceptionally diverse. Throughout the history of Africa, Africans have developed their own...

up ichi in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Ichi, the number one in Japanese numerals Ichi (film), a 2008 Japanese film Ichi (scarification), a type...

or Ibo Ichi Scarification, Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 93-111. Odukwe, M. (1985). The ozo title in Onitsha: A brief...

of scarification for freeborn citizens to differentiate them from the slave population. Egharevba establishes a different source of the scarification that...

Branding. Human Branding and Scarification Article Branding at the BME Encyclopedia The Hot Iron Database Scarification Blog Archived 2017-06-10 at the...

practice of scarification, unsafe blood transfusions, and the poor state of hygiene and nutrition in some areas may all be facilitating factors in the transmission...

are reborn back home as an ancestor in their town in a shrine. Prior to the 1960s the practice of female scarification was quite common among the Manjaco...

born where he said he was, and based on when boys received the ichi scarification, that he was about 11 when he was kidnapped, as he claims, which suggests...

their community standards. They are most known for their scarification and elaborate plank masks. In the 18th century, Bwa lands were occupied by the Bamana...

The scarification's were Nri's way of honoring the sun that they worshiped and was a form of ritual purification. Scarification had its origins in Nri...

people as "jet-black in color, and with scarification on their faces." Kilwa is one of the most beautiful and well-constructed towns in the world. The whole...

and living in hospitable climates. As humans became behaviorally modern, body adornments such as jewelry, tattoos, body paint and scarification became part...

treatments included scarification with or without the addition of irritants including arsenic and hellebore. Castration was also practiced in the Middle Ages...

the facial scarification of the other characters. In some carvings the bishop appears as a witch doctor (native to 19th century east African culture)....

pendant in the shape of a local chief's head with scarification (ichi) marks on the face. Formal excavations by the archaeologist Thurstan Shaw in 1959 at...

often thought that germination can be better significantly by scarification. With scarified seed, germination is done at temperatures of 35–40 °C. Additionally...

ABC-CLIO. pp. 53–54. ISBN 978-1-61069-076-8. Trojanowska, Alicja (1992), Scarification among the Somba people from Atakora mountains, Smithsonian Institution...

last generation of scarified Africans. “Hââbré” means “writing”, “sign” and “scarification”; this one word signifies all three notions in Kõ, a language from...

stimulation to the walls of the vagina. Similar to tattooing, genital scarification is primarily done for aesthetic reasons by adding decorative scars to...

that cupping with scarification may eliminate scar tissue, and cupping without scarification would cleanse the body through the organs. In ancient Greece...

customs such as tattooing and scarification. Their religious beliefs were likewise a mix of Catholicism, West African Vodun, and ancestor worship. The...