In physics, total internal reflection (TIR) is the phenomenon in which waves arriving at the interface (boundary) from one medium to another (e.g., from...

A total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) is a type of microscope with which a thin region of a specimen, usually less than 200 nanometers...

to total internal reflection. Total internal reflection describes the fact that radiation (e.g. visible light) can, at certain angles, be totally reflected...

evanescent waves are formed when waves traveling in a medium undergo total internal reflection at its boundary because they strike it at an angle greater than...

light is reflected and Rs = Rp = 1. This phenomenon, known as total internal reflection, occurs at incidence angles for which Snell's law predicts that...

Total internal reflection microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique for object tracking and detection utilizing the light scattered from an...

and obey the properties behind constructive interference and total internal reflection. When light of the resonant wavelength is passed through the loop...

The remaining rays are trapped in the glass by a process called total internal reflection. They are incident on the glass-air interface at an angle above...

of refraction. Light is kept in the core by the phenomenon of total internal reflection which causes the fiber to act as a waveguide. Fibers that support...

an image from the lens to the eyepiece Fiber-optic cables use total internal reflection to carry information. When light travels from one medium to another...

equations for working out the intensity of the resulting rays. Total internal reflection is indicated by a negative radicand in the equation for cos ⁡...

liquid state without further preparation. ATR uses a property of total internal reflection resulting in an evanescent wave. A beam of infrared light is passed...

when reaching the interface, as well as the critical angle for total internal reflection, their intensity (Fresnel equations) and Brewster's angle. The...

way impedance mismatch in an electric circuit causes reflection of signals. Total internal reflection of light from a denser medium occurs if the angle of...

Specular reflection, or regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface. The law of reflection states that a...

It is made in such a way that it eliminates one of the rays by total internal reflection, i.e. the ordinary ray is eliminated and only the extraordinary...

polarizers. They may or may not employ total internal reflection; One polarization is separated by total internal reflection: Nicol prism Glan–Foucault prism...

by means of two total internal reflections. If the incident beam is linearly polarized at 45° to the plane of incidence and reflection, the emerging beam...

window will either be completely dark or show a reflection of underwater objects by total internal reflection. Underwater photographers sometimes compose...

and (by allowing the reflection coefficient to be complex) accounted for the change in polarization due to total internal reflection, as exploited in the...

right-angle prism or mirror would. The reflections inside the prism are not caused by total internal reflection, since the beams are incident at an angle...

refraction and reflection) form of the lens, entirely invented by Fresnel, has outer prismatic elements that use total internal reflection as well as refraction...

windscreen wipers. The rain sensor works on the principle of total internal reflection. An infrared light shone at a 45-degree angle on a clear area...

two optical interfaces; some of them combine refraction with total internal reflection. Light changes speed as it moves from one medium to another (for...

reflective surfaces; and transparent solids that contain the light by total internal reflection. Principles of nonimaging optics govern the flow of light through...

optics property to contain light in the core of the fiber by total internal reflection Cladding (metalworking), a bonding together of dissimilar metals...

cladding causes light to be confined to the core of the fiber by total internal reflection at the boundary between the core and cladding. Light propagation...

induce total internal reflection within the prism. Although the beam of light is not propagated through the surface of the refractive prism under total internal...

crystals, and phase-separated polymers and RNA/protein condensates. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) is a microscopy approach that is only sensitive...

Abbe–Koenig prism, which uses total internal reflection on all reflective surfaces. The net effect of the six reflections (two reflections are on roof plains) is...