• Thumbnail for Botulinum toxin
    Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related...
    118 KB (11,771 words) - 03:23, 15 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Botulism
    Botulism (redirect from Botulinum Toxin A)
    and potentially fatal illness caused by botulinum toxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The disease begins with weakness, blurred...
    84 KB (9,247 words) - 03:07, 11 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Clostridium botulinum
    Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce botulinum toxin, which is a...
    55 KB (6,006 words) - 03:11, 15 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Tetanus toxin
    botulinum toxin (LD50 2 ng/kg) as the deadliest toxin in the world. However, these tests are conducted solely on mice, which may react to the toxin differently...
    17 KB (1,936 words) - 06:22, 12 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Spasmodic torticollis
    The most common treatment for spasmodic torticollis is the use of botulinum toxin type A. Initial symptoms of spasmodic torticollis are usually mild...
    26 KB (3,172 words) - 07:28, 31 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Toxin
    sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin). Toxins are often distinguished from other chemical agents strictly based...
    25 KB (2,609 words) - 02:11, 22 November 2024
  • membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The botulinum toxin, which is primarily produced by Clostridium botulinum and less frequently by other Clostridium...
    43 KB (5,326 words) - 22:21, 1 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Neurotoxin
    Neurotoxin (redirect from Neuro-toxin)
    ethanol (drinking alcohol), glutamate, nitric oxide, botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin, and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide...
    89 KB (9,714 words) - 15:22, 18 September 2024
  • treatment may improve symptoms. Most commonly this involves injecting botulinum toxin into the affected muscles of the larynx. This generally results in...
    47 KB (5,093 words) - 17:55, 8 November 2024
  • positioned, whereupon the injection is completed. Some agents (e.g., botulinum toxin) can be injected at the insertional end of a muscle under visual guidance...
    23 KB (2,689 words) - 16:31, 20 May 2023
  • carbamazepine (an anticonvulsant drug). Microsurgical decompression and botulinum toxin injections are the current main treatments used for hemifacial spasm...
    21 KB (2,581 words) - 07:18, 6 September 2024
  • Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus is a medical technique used sometimes in the management of strabismus, in which botulinum toxin is injected into...
    16 KB (1,887 words) - 23:44, 14 February 2023
  • Thumbnail for Dystonia
    access through the skin. Baclofen can also be taken in tablet form Botulinum toxin injections into affected muscles have proved quite successful in providing...
    40 KB (3,522 words) - 17:36, 3 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Piriformis syndrome
    stretching, physiotherapy, and medication such as NSAIDs. Steroid or botulinum toxin injections may be used in those who do not improve. Surgery is not...
    57 KB (6,810 words) - 13:22, 4 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Cerebral palsy
    available in China since 2003. Medications such as diazepam, baclofen and botulinum toxin may help relax stiff muscles. Surgery may include lengthening muscles...
    171 KB (19,227 words) - 09:27, 9 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Essential tremor
    which provides the most efficacy with least side effects. Clostridium botulinum toxin (Botox) injections and ultrasound are also sometimes used for cases...
    70 KB (8,020 words) - 20:15, 30 October 2024
  • "groundbreaking" by the ASCRS. Scott initially developed botulinum type A neurotoxin (botulinum toxin) to treat strabismus, naming it Oculinum™ (“eye aligner”)...
    19 KB (2,339 words) - 00:03, 23 November 2023
  • Thumbnail for Neuromuscular junction
    The LD50 of this toxin has been measured to be approximately 1 ng/kg, making it second only to botulinum toxin D as the deadliest toxin in the world. It...
    35 KB (4,084 words) - 00:41, 11 September 2024
  • support for a facial feedback mechanism is provided through the use of botulinum toxin (commonly known as Botox) to temporarily paralyze facial muscles. Botox...
    29 KB (3,525 words) - 02:05, 13 October 2024
  • PMID 28205574. Mittal, SO; Safarpour, D; Jabbari, B (February 2016). "Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Neuropathic Pain". Seminars in Neurology. 36 (1): 73–83...
    59 KB (6,671 words) - 20:45, 13 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Bruxism
    discomfort. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is used as a treatment for bruxism. A 2020 overview of systematic reviews found that botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A)...
    80 KB (9,659 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Strabismus
    strabismus in certain circumstances. In 1989, the US FDA approved botulinum toxin therapy for strabismus in people over 12 years old. Most commonly used...
    48 KB (5,102 words) - 02:28, 13 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Exotoxin
    Exotoxin (category Toxins)
    effects. Well-known exotoxins include: botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum; Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin, produced during life-threatening...
    17 KB (2,060 words) - 06:58, 29 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Neurogenic bladder dysfunction
    cause additional bladder dysfunction, or even rupture the bladder. Botulinum toxin (Botox) can be used through two different approaches. For spastic neurogenic...
    31 KB (3,632 words) - 05:26, 21 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Acetyl hexapeptide-3
    ingredient. It is a peptide which is a fragment of SNAP-25, a substrate of botulinum toxin (Botox). Acetyl hexapeptide-8 is marketed as Argireline® peptide by...
    5 KB (375 words) - 12:19, 5 December 2023
  • potential of clostridial toxins, particularly botulinum toxin, for various diseases. He emphasized the abundance of protein toxins in clostridia and proposed...
    15 KB (1,614 words) - 07:17, 27 October 2023
  • commercially available botulism anti-toxin that effectively neutralizes all seven known botulinum nerve toxin serotypes (types A, B, C, D, E, F and G)...
    20 KB (1,629 words) - 05:20, 28 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Esophageal achalasia
    considered that surgical myotomy provided greater benefit than either botulinum toxin or dilation in those who fail medical management. However, a recent...
    38 KB (4,231 words) - 01:51, 19 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Assassination of Reinhard Heydrich
    Form of Killing claim that Heydrich died from botulism (Clostridium botulinum) toxin poisoning. According to this hypothesis, based on statements made by...
    56 KB (6,356 words) - 15:20, 1 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Dermatologic surgical procedure
    procedures, and mole and scar removal surgeries. The former include Botulinum toxin treatments and face lifts, while the latter include shave excision...
    28 KB (2,908 words) - 21:18, 19 July 2024