article contains Persian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. Middle Persian, also known by its...

Middle Persian literature is the corpus of written works composed in Middle Persian, that is, the Middle Iranian dialect of Persia proper, the region in...

is a continuation of Middle Persian, an official language of the Sasanian Empire (224–651 CE), itself a continuation of Old Persian, which was used in the...

article contains Persian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. The Persians (/ˈpɜːrʒənz/ PUR-zhənz...

Old Persian is one of two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of the...

modern nationalism. Also, like Iranian Persian and Tajiki Persian, Dari Persian is a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary...

The Sasanian Empire (/səˈsɑːniən, səˈseɪniən/), officially Ērānšahr (Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩, lit. 'Empire of the Iranians'), was the last pre-Islamic...

400 BCE), Middle Iranian (400 BCE – 900 CE) and New Iranian (since 900 CE). The two directly-attested Old Iranian languages are Old Persian (from the...

a similar manner. Avestan language Old Persian language Middle Persian Persian language and history of Persian language Pahlavi literature Lecoq, pg....

Persian Empire over the Middle East area, especially the whole part of the Persian Gulf and some parts of the Arabian Peninsula, the name of "Persian...

contains Persian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. The Persian alphabet (Persian: الفبای فارسی...

New Persian (Persian: فارسی نو, romanized: Fārsī-ye No), also known as Modern Persian (فارسی نوین) is the current stage of the Persian language spoken...

sing. definite article + espesta, alfalfa) from Aramaic espestā from Middle Persian aspast, horse fodder. Amazons via Old French (13c.) or Latin, from Greek...

A Persian name, or an Iranian name, consists of a given name (Persian: نام Nâm), sometimes more than one, and a surname (نام‌ خانوادگی). Since the Muslim...

mythology, or Persian mythology in western term (Persian: اسطوره‌شناسی ایرانی), is the body of the myths originally told by ancient Persians and other Iranian...

the name of a literary genre, i.e. Middle Persian literature, the term refers to Middle Iranian, mostly Middle Persian, texts dated near or after the fall...

form of Persian, based on the Middle Persian of pre-Islamic times. The Samanids began recording their court affairs in Persian, and they used it as the main...

Shatranj (Arabic: شطرنج, pronounced [ʃaˈtˤrandʒ]; from Middle Persian: چترنگ, chatrang) is an old form of chess, as played in the Sasanian Empire. Its...

language around the time of Middle Persian, with fewer cases and discarding grammatical gender. The innovations remain in Modern Persian, which is one of the...

A Persian carpet (Persian: فرش ایرانی, romanized: farš-e irâni [ˈfærʃe ʔiː.ɹɒː.níː]), Persian rug (Persian: قالی ایرانی, romanized: qâli-ye irâni [ɢɒːˈliːje...

Zoroastrian work known as the Avesta, and Middle Persian (Pahlavi), which includes a range of Middle Persian literature. The Avesta is the oldest extant...

tradition and style of garden design represented by Persian gardens or Iranian gardens (Persian: باغ ایرانی) is a style of "landscape" garden which emerged...

Dharmakayas') Divinity (Middle Persian: yzd; Parthian: bg'; Chinese: 清净) Light (Middle Persian and Parthian: rwšn; Chinese: 光明) Power (Middle Persian: zwr; Parthian:...

main bodies of world literature, Persian literature has its roots in surviving works of Middle Persian and Old Persian, the latter of which dates back...

normalized rendition of the word, which in Middle Persian appears as either Zurvān, Zruvān or Zarvān. The Middle Persian name derives from Avestan (Avestan:...

inscriptions from between the 6th to the 4th century BC, gave rise to Middle Persian in the 3rd century BC, which later produced a number of literary works...

of non-Iranian peoples living within the Persian cultural sphere, particularly during the early and middle Islamic periods, such as Arabs and various...

Western Persian or Western Farsi, natively simply known as Persian (Persian: فارسی, romanized: Fârsi), refers to the varieties of the Persian language...

Arabic alphabet. (See Arabic phonology § Vowels.) Early New Persian inherited from Middle Persian eight vowels: three short i, a, u and five long ī, ē, ā...

dev (Persian: Dīv/Dēw: دیو) (with the broader meaning of demons or fiends) are monstrous creatures within Middle Eastern lore, and probably Persian origin...