Exogenous bacteria are microorganisms introduced to closed biological systems from the external world.[citation needed] They exist in aquatic and terrestrial...

mutation rate. Some bacteria transfer genetic material between cells. This can occur in three main ways. First, bacteria can take up exogenous DNA from their...

gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad...

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that unlike gram-positive bacteria do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial...

cell's genome. Repeated experiments proved exogenous DNA integration was possible in other species of bacteria, prompting studies to extend to mammal cells...

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless...

conjunctiva, and the biliary tract. Types of human microbiota include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses. Though micro-animals can also live...

transfused blood cells. Antigens can be classified according to their source. Exogenous antigens are antigens that have entered the body from the outside, for...

alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s). For...

loss of the eye itself. Infection can be caused by bacteria or fungi, and is classified as exogenous (infection introduced by direct inoculation as in...

uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA from its surroundings. For bacterial transformation to take place, the recipient bacteria must be in a state of competence...

indoleamine, is a natural compound produced by various organisms, including bacteria and eukaryotes. Its discovery in 1958 by Aaron B. Lerner and colleagues...

unicellular organisms without cell nuclei, such as bacteria and archaea. However, some processes in bacteria, including bacterial conjugation, transformation...

Transformation, the uptake of exogenous DNA from the surrounding environment. Transduction, the virus-mediated transfer of DNA between bacteria. Conjugation, the...

able to take up exogenous DNA and incorporate exogenous sequence information into their genome by homologous recombination. These bacteria can employ a predatory...

exogenously spoiled by bacteria or fungi after the death of the animal. One source of infectious organisms is bacteraemia, the presence of bacteria in...

Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can potentially have...

aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. Until 2020, the genus Lactobacillus comprised over 260 phylogenetically...

components of the outermost membrane of cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Salmonella. with a common structural architecture...

defending against exogenous factors. These include a wide variety of different toxins, viruses, intra- and extracellular bacteria, protozoa, helminths...

food that foster growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The most common environment concerning their effects on human...

efficiency refers to the ability of a cell to take up and incorporate exogenous DNA, such as plasmids, during a process called transformation. The efficiency...

Simon AF, Benzer S (August 2004). "Drosophila lifespan enhancement by exogenous bacteria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States...

for the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and plays an important role in the evolution of bacteria that can degrade novel compounds such as human-created...

supraphysiologic concentrations of exogenous H2O2 (0.34% w/v, 100 mM) were sufficient to inactivate BV-associated bacteria at which concentration it more...

opportunistic or pathogenic agent (virus, fungus, bacteria, protozoa, or other parasite) from endogenous or exogenous sources" and was approved by NANDA in 1986...

Bacteria accumulate on both the hard and soft oral tissues in biofilms. Bacterial adhesion is particularly important for oral bacteria. Oral bacteria...

dietary supplements. CoQ10 is found in many organisms, including animals and bacteria. CoQ10 plays a role in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, aiding...

antigen presentation involves the exogenous pathway of antigen processing. Cross-presentation involves parts of the exogenous and the endogenous pathways but...

nucleatum. Natural competence involves three principal stages: (1) Uptake of exogenous DNA and transport to the cytoplasm, (2) homologous DNA that has been taken...