In materials science, hardness (antonym: softness) is a measure of the resistance to localized plastic deformation, such as an indentation (over an area)...

The Mohs scale of mineral hardness (/moʊz/) is a qualitative ordinal scale, from 1 to 10, characterizing scratch resistance of minerals through the ability...

benefits. It can pose critical problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers, and...

Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Scleroscope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness" (2019) Hardness Conversion Table – Brinell...

In computational complexity theory, a computational problem H is called NP-hard if, for every problem L which can be solved in non-deterministic polynomial-time...

The Rockwell scale is a hardness scale based on indentation hardness of a material. The Rockwell test measures the depth of penetration of an indenter...

engineering and metallurgy, hot hardness or red hardness (when a metal glows a dull red from the heat) corresponds to hardness of a material at high temperatures...

The Vickers hardness test was developed in 1921 by Robert L. Smith and George E. Sandland at Vickers Ltd as an alternative to the Brinell method to measure...

Hardness scales may refer to: Scratch hardness The Mohs scale of mineral hardness The Vickers hardness test The Brinell scale The Janka hardness test The...

hardness of materials through the scale of penetration of an indenter, loaded on a material test-piece. It is one of several definitions of hardness in...

Carbonate hardness, is a measure of the water hardness caused by the presence of carbonate (CO2− 3) and bicarbonate (HCO− 3) anions. Carbonate hardness is usually...

The Janka hardness test (English: /ˈdʒæŋkə/; German: [ˈjaŋka]), created by Austrian-born American researcher Gabriel Janka (1864–1932), measures the resistance...

Indentation hardness tests are used in mechanical engineering to determine the hardness of a material to deformation. Several such tests exist, wherein...

Scratch hardness refers to the hardness of a material in terms of resistance to scratches and abrasion by a harder material forcefully drawn over its...

The Shore durometer is a device for measuring the hardness of a material, typically of polymers. Higher numbers on the scale indicate a greater resistance...

The Hardness of the World is the second album by the American funk band Slave, released in 1977, their second album release that year. The lead single...

Hardness can vary by several hundred percent depending on the pretreatment, see e.g. Iron#Mechanical properties and Angelo Basile; Fausto Gallucci (2011)...

were then fired in a kiln. By varying the ratio of graphite to clay, the hardness of the graphite rod could also be varied. This method of manufacture, which...

hardness of approximation is a field that studies the algorithmic complexity of finding near-optimal solutions to optimization problems. Hardness of...

Neue Deutsche Härte (German: [ˈnɔʏə ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈhɛʁtə]; lit. "New German Hardness"), sometimes abbreviated as NDH, is a subgenre of rock music that developed...

relative ordering of ligands and transition metal ions in terms of their hardness and softness. HSAB theory is also useful in predicting the products of...

it at a negligible rate under those conditions. Diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural material, properties that are used...

superhard material is a material with a hardness value exceeding 40 gigapascals (GPa) when measured by the Vickers hardness test. They are virtually incompressible...

cooled, which is the tempering phase. The hardness of abrasion resistant steel is determined by a Brinell hardness test. This test uses a small steel ball...

of anhydrite. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness defines gypsum as hardness value 2 based on scratch hardness comparison. Fine-grained white or lightly...

Degrees of general hardness (dGH or °GH) is a unit of water hardness, specifically of general hardness. General hardness is a measure of the concentration...

Tempering is usually performed after hardening, to reduce some of the excess hardness, and is done by heating the metal to some temperature below the critical...

radiation-hardened versions (RadHard). While SOI eliminates latchup events, TID and SEE hardness are not guaranteed to be improved. Bipolar integrated circuits generally...

Look up hard in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Hard may refer to Hardness, resistance of physical materials to deformation or fracture Hard water, water...

Al2O3 is used to produce aluminium metal, as an abrasive owing to its hardness, and as a refractory material owing to its high melting point. Corundum...