Isotope fractionation describes fractionation processes that affect the relative abundance of isotopes, phenomena which are taken advantage of in isotope...

Mass-independent isotope fractionation or Non-mass-dependent fractionation (NMD), refers to any chemical or physical process that acts to separate isotopes, where...

expression stable-isotope ratio is preferably used to refer to isotopes whose relative abundances are affected by isotope fractionation in nature. This...

T in K Different researchers have also used other fractionation factors like dolomite fractionation factor. While measuring samples of unknown composition...

natural radioactivity. For most stable isotopes, the magnitude of fractionation from kinetic and equilibrium fractionation is very small; for this reason, enrichments...

and conditions that favor this fractionation. The table below summarizes the reported fractionations of oxygen isotopes from MSO in different organisms...

3-phosphoglyceraldehyde. Isotope fractionation due to Rubisco (form I) carboxylation alone is predicted to be a 28‰ depletion, on average. However, fractionation values...

Fractionation is a separation process in which a certain quantity of a mixture (of gasses, solids, liquids, enzymes, or isotopes, or a suspension) is divided...

The isotopic fractionation of a natural process can be calculated from measured isotope abundances. The calculated value is called a "fractionation factor...

49 (indium). A 2021 study has shown at high ionic strengths, Cd isotope fractionation mainly depends on its complexation with carboxylic sites. At low...

isotope effect Reaction mechanism Transient kinetic isotope fractionation Urey–Bigeleisen–Mayer equation Westaway KC (2006). "Using kinetic isotope effects...

When these isotope ratios are measured by TIMS, mass-dependent fractionation occurs as species are emitted by the hot filament. Fractionation occurs due...

Kinetic fractionation is an isotopic fractionation process that separates stable isotopes from each other by their mass during unidirectional processes...

as polar ice or calcite in ocean core samples, measured with the isotope fractionation. The ratio is linked to ancient ocean temperature which in turn...

particular to describe isotopic enrichment or depletion as material moves between reservoirs in an equilibrium process. Rayleigh fractionation holds particular...

began, can generally be accounted for by mass fractionation (see the article on mass-independent fractionation) plus a limited number of nuclear decay and...

Moreover, oil is also affected by isotope fractionation from phase changes. However, the behavior of oil gas-liquid fractionation differs from water as the vapor...

partial separation of isotopes between different pools is termed isotope fractionation, and is mathematically described by fractionation factors α or ε (which...

therefore isotopic effects cannot be described with the classical equilibrium fractionation equations or with steady-state kinetic fractionation equations...

S; Canfield, Donald E; Rethmeier, J̈org (August 1998). "Sulfur isotope fractionation during bacterial reduction and disproportionation of thiosulfate...

Martin J.; Jolis, Ester M.; Freda, Carmela (2016-08-04). "Boron isotope fractionation in magma via crustal carbonate dissolution". Scientific Reports...

model, is a model describing the approximate equilibrium isotope fractionation in an isotope exchange reaction. While the equation itself can be written...

Equilibrium isotope fractionation is the partial separation of isotopes between two or more substances in chemical equilibrium. Equilibrium fractionation is strongest...

underwent hydrodynamic escape, which accounts for the noble gas isotope fractionation present in their atmospheres. Irwin, Patrick G. J. (2006). Giant...

carbonates shows little isotopic fractionation, while carbon in materials originated by photosynthesis is depleted of the heavier isotopes. In addition, there...

induced the sulfur isotope mass-independent fractionation (Δ33S ≠ 0). The preservation of sulfur isotope mass-independent fractionation signals requires...

be re-extracted. Calcium isotope fractionation during mineral formation has led to several applications of calcium isotopes. In particular, the 1997 observation...

The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO) is the isotopic fractionation associated solely with the...

unsuitability as a reference standard. Two mechanisms of fractionation occur that alter sulfur stable isotope ratios: kinetic effects, especially due to the metabolism...

C/12 C ratio in the atmosphere, both geographically and over time Isotopic fractionation Variations in the 14 C/12 C ratio in different parts of the reservoir...