• Thumbnail for Letter of marque
    A letter of marque and reprisal (French: lettre de marque; lettre de course) was a government license in the Age of Sail that authorized a private person...
    28 KB (3,640 words) - 15:02, 28 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for French corsairs
    officer of the vessel was in possession of a valid letter of marque (lettre de marque or lettre de course, the latter giving corsairs their name), and the...
    11 KB (1,451 words) - 10:14, 15 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Robert Surcouf
    Malartic refused to provide a lettre de marque and ordered Émilie to go to the Seychelles to purchase tortoises as food for Isle de France. Émilie departed...
    43 KB (4,825 words) - 16:29, 7 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Privateer
    of the vessel was in possession of a valid Letter of Marque (fr. Lettre de Marque or Lettre de Course), and the officers and crew conducted themselves...
    73 KB (9,251 words) - 12:19, 9 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Piracy in the Caribbean
    king of France, they were considered combatants and granted a lettre de marque or lettre de course which legitimized any actions they took under the French...
    88 KB (12,365 words) - 06:59, 28 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for History of Seychelles
    Seychelles acted as a haven for French corsairs (pirates carrying lettres de marque entitling them to prey legally on enemy shipping). Quincy hoped this...
    36 KB (4,863 words) - 09:10, 9 October 2024
  • refused to provide Surcouf a lettre de marque and ordered Émilie to go to the Seychelles to purchase tortoises as food for Île de France. Upon arrival at Mahé...
    8 KB (878 words) - 14:29, 29 July 2023
  • Thumbnail for Marquis de Sade
    arranged by Madame de Montreuil. Following the death of Louis XV in May, Madame de Montreuil successfully petitioned for a new lettre de cachet for Sade's...
    71 KB (9,385 words) - 16:21, 14 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Cyrano de Bergerac
    of François de la Noue, two volumes of George Buchanan, the Dialectique of Pierre de La Ramée, the Alphabet de plusieurs sortes de lettres ("Alphabet of...
    100 KB (10,732 words) - 15:34, 23 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo
    Rolling Stone. "À écouter : la moitié de Daft Punk Guy-Man a curaté une playlist ultra solide pour une marque italienne". Trax Magazine (in French)....
    19 KB (1,750 words) - 11:43, 21 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Union of the Right for the Republic
    Eric Ciotti prospecte les fillonistes du parti Force Républicaine". La Lettre (in French). 18 November 2021. Archived from the original on 12 September...
    23 KB (1,524 words) - 16:40, 16 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Nicolas de Gunzburg
    mother, Enriqueta "Quêta" de Laska (died 1925), was of Polish and Portuguese descent, a daughter of Doña Joaquina Maria Marqués de Lonza Lisboa; she had been...
    13 KB (1,588 words) - 04:14, 24 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Patrick Drahi
    dernier. [...] Challenges a reçu une lettre d'Alexandre Marque (Cabinet Franklin), avocat de Patrick Drahi nous sommant de ne pas intégrer son client dans...
    17 KB (1,458 words) - 05:03, 25 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Samuel de Champlain
    (member, secretary, then president of l'Académie des belles-lettres, sciences et arts de La Rochelle) wrote as early as 1867 that Rainguet's estimate...
    63 KB (7,265 words) - 14:12, 18 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Anne Robert Jacques Turgot
    le commerce from the English of Josias Tucker, and in 1754 he wrote his Lettre sur la tolérance civile, and a pamphlet, Le Conciliateur, in support of...
    42 KB (5,059 words) - 03:01, 6 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Teixeira de Aragão
    Administrative de Paul Dupont, 1867. 171p. (in French) Notes sur quelques numismates portugais des XVIIe, XVIIIe et XIXe siècles : lettre a M. le vicomte de Ponton...
    22 KB (2,046 words) - 22:57, 15 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Gérard Grandval
    Gérard Grandval (category Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres)
    Prix de Rome and was a Knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres and notably designed the Choux de Créteil. Grandval studied at the Lycée Janson-de-Sailly...
    5 KB (351 words) - 06:05, 3 October 2023
  • Thumbnail for Daniel Richard
    président Daniel Richard". YouTube (in French). 18 May 2009. "Lettre ouverte au Président de la République Française". ecoforum.fr (in French). Archived...
    11 KB (865 words) - 03:27, 11 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for Élisabeth de Feydeau
    in collaboration) Le Livre des grandes marques: à la découverte des marques grand public parmi les plus fortes de France, collectif (Milan's editions, 2003)...
    6 KB (660 words) - 20:19, 29 May 2024
  • (1979). Catherine de Médicis. Fayard. Gellard, Matthieu (2014). Une Reine Épistolaire: Lettres et Pouvoir au Temps de Catherine de Médicis. Classiques...
    83 KB (12,617 words) - 20:03, 6 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for The Anomaly (novel)
    "et la tasse à café rouge de mar e I y da la ma de ctor" can be read "et la tasse à café rouge de marque Illy dans la main de Victor Miesel," and the following...
    17 KB (1,770 words) - 22:24, 24 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Jeanne de Clisson
    (Mollat, G., op cit, pj, no II pp. 49–50. See also Jean XXII (1316–1334) Lettres secretes et curiales relating to France, by Coulon, A. and Clemencet, S...
    34 KB (4,490 words) - 07:56, 4 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for SNCF
    |journal= (help) "Portrait : Philippe Laylle, le monsieur cinéma de la SNCF |". Lettre du cheminot.fr (in French). 22 October 2017. Archived from the original...
    49 KB (4,448 words) - 09:16, 3 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Graphic charter of government communication in France
    Retrieved 14 June 2021. "Circulaire relative à la nouvelle stratégie de marque de l'Etat" [Circular relating to the new brand strategy of the State]. www...
    22 KB (2,281 words) - 21:33, 13 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Maria d'Apparecida
    Maria d'Apparecida (category Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres)
    d'Apparecida Marques (17 January 1926 – 4 July 2017) was a Brazilian opera singer. She began her working career as a primary school teacher in Rio de Janeiro...
    18 KB (1,707 words) - 18:34, 5 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Prince engine
    Prince engine (category Mini (marque))
    millionth engine". "BMW et PSA Peugeot Citroën ont signé une lettre d'intention en vue de renforcer leur coopération dans les moteurs à essence". www.edubourse...
    22 KB (2,188 words) - 18:21, 30 September 2024
  • was recognized and named, e.g., "a post-modernist avant la lettre", "a feminist avant la lettre". The expression literally means "before the letter", i.e...
    110 KB (15,276 words) - 13:01, 11 September 2024
  • started writing reviews and essays for La Nouvelle Revue française and Les Lettres nouvelles, prominent literary publications, while studying history and...
    22 KB (1,872 words) - 02:32, 30 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Louis de Saint-Gelais
    command of the marqués de Villefranca (marquis of Villefranca) started an advance on Siena, and captured various villages. When the marqués died in February...
    195 KB (29,152 words) - 13:23, 28 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for François Barbé-Marbois
    François, marquis de Barbé-Marbois (31 January 1745 – 12 February 1837) was a French politician. Born in Metz, where his father was director of the local...
    9 KB (988 words) - 09:27, 10 October 2024