Indo-European vocabulary (redirect from Proto-Indo-European vocabulary)
The following is a table of many of the most fundamental Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) words and roots, with their cognates in all of the major families...
343 KB (8,992 words) - 10:08, 6 January 2025
Kurdish language (redirect from Proto-Kurdish language)
within a "Northwestern I" group, while Glottolog based on Encyclopædia Iranica prefers an areal grouping of "Central dialects" (or "Kermanic") within...
41 KB (3,825 words) - 00:27, 24 December 2024
are Indo-European. One of these languages, English, is the de facto world lingua franca, with an estimate of over one billion second language speakers. Indo-European...
129 KB (7,101 words) - 08:35, 7 January 2025
Iranian peoples (category Articles containing Proto-Indo-European-language text)
the Indo-Iranian languages within the Indo-European language family. The Proto-Iranians are believed to have emerged as a separate branch of the Indo-Iranians...
129 KB (13,577 words) - 11:43, 31 December 2024
Akkadian language (section Descent from Proto-Semitic)
Middle Assyrian Empire) throughout the later Bronze Age, and became the lingua franca of much of the Ancient Near East by the time of the Bronze Age collapse...
97 KB (8,979 words) - 02:14, 13 January 2025
Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2023-07-31. Sims-Williams, N. "Bactrian Language". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Gershevitch...
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language of approximately 25–55% of the population. Dari serves as the lingua franca of the country and is understood by up to 78% of the population....
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Iranica Vol. VIII, Fasc. 6, pp. 628–636 Ghereghlou, Kioumars (2016). ḤAYDAR ṢAFAVI. Encyclopaedia Iranica RM Savory. Ebn Bazzaz. Encyclopædia Iranica...
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primarily spoken in Chitral and surrounding areas in Pakistan. Khowar is the lingua franca of Chitral, and it is also spoken in the Gupis-Yasin and Ghizer districts...
19 KB (1,774 words) - 16:29, 2 January 2025
Azerbaijani language (category Pages overriding Encyclopædia Iranica publication date)
Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. III/3: Azerbaijan IV–Bačča(-ye) Saqqā (Online ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. § viii. Azeri Turkish...
76 KB (6,848 words) - 09:06, 1 January 2025
widespread usage of the Aramaic language after it was adopted as both a lingua franca and the official language of the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian...
41 KB (2,320 words) - 11:37, 3 January 2025
amount to much more.[citation needed] "DERAFŠ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. 21 November 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2019. 2002 Oxford...
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Sogdian language (category Lingua francas)
period of the Chinese Tang dynasty (ca. 7th century CE), Sogdian was the lingua franca in Central Asia of the Silk Road, along which it amassed a rich vocabulary...
20 KB (1,708 words) - 05:56, 21 December 2024
ṢAFAWĪ. Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol. VIII, Fasc. 6, pp. 628–636 Ghereghlou, Kioumars (2016). ḤAYDAR ṢAFAVI. Encyclopaedia Iranica Aptin Khanbaghi (2006)...
190 KB (24,495 words) - 01:03, 8 January 2025
missing publisher (link) C.E. Bosworth "Anuštigin Ĝarčāī", Encyclopaedia Iranica (reference to Turkish scholar Kafesoğlu), v, p. 140, Online Edition, (LINK)...
19 KB (1,438 words) - 01:25, 21 October 2024
development of Urdu literature during the late-Mughal period. Deccani arose as a lingua franca under the Madurai and Bahmani Sultanates, as trade and migration...
31 KB (2,742 words) - 04:18, 14 January 2025
Spuler. "CENTRAL ASIA v. In the Mongol and Timurid Periodse". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2017-09-14. "Like his father, Olōğ Beg was entirely integrated...
67 KB (7,678 words) - 16:32, 11 January 2025
1910. p.298. "Čāč" at Encyclopædia Iranica "Personal Names, Sogdian i. in Chinese sources" at Encyclopædia Iranica Livshits, Vladimir (2007). "The Leader...
75 KB (6,851 words) - 16:17, 12 January 2025
Middle Aramaic in the 3rd century BC. As Imperial Aramaic had served as a lingua franca throughout the Ancient Near East from the second half of the 8th...
14 KB (1,339 words) - 15:24, 30 December 2024
148. Strand, Richard F. (2010). "Nurestâni Languages". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition. Archived from the original on 2016-11-06. Retrieved 2015-06-20...
34 KB (2,446 words) - 06:54, 16 December 2024
1 (June 1994), pp. 117–135 Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Allsen, Thomas (1994). "The rise...
69 KB (7,358 words) - 00:13, 10 January 2025
Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 4 April 2023. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". "A contribution...
70 KB (7,866 words) - 04:05, 11 January 2025
Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage Syriac Language at Encyclopaedia Iranica Syriac Language in the McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia Syriac...
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derived from the Persian word Hindū cognate with the Sanskrit Sindhu. The Proto-Iranian sound change *s > h occurred between 850 and 600 BCE, according...
30 KB (3,426 words) - 22:02, 29 December 2024
Encyclopædia Britannica. Multiple Authors. "Caucasus and Iran". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 3 September 2012. Rapp, Stephen H. (2020). "Georgia, Georgians...
55 KB (5,703 words) - 21:07, 7 January 2025
whose influence Aramaic became a prestige language after being adopted as a lingua franca of the empire by Assyrian kings, and its use was spread throughout...
157 KB (17,120 words) - 22:04, 12 January 2025
Political Ideology", Iranica Antiqua, 3: 40–59 Schippmann, Klaus (1987), "Arsacid ii. The Arsacid dynasty", Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. 2, New York: Routledge...
126 KB (15,455 words) - 01:22, 31 December 2024
Persian pitch accent and its retention after the focus". Lingua. 122 (13): 13. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2012.06.002. Sadat-Tehrani, Nima (2007). The Intonational...
40 KB (3,304 words) - 22:36, 5 January 2025
faraway"), from Proto-Iranian *Hapá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá ("away"), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó + *-āna ("ethnic group"), from Proto-Indo-European...
246 KB (26,761 words) - 15:24, 8 January 2025
Yarshater, Ehsan (2008). "Iran". Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Ziad, Homayra (2006). "Ghaznavids". In Meri, J. (ed.). Medieval...
60 KB (5,787 words) - 23:23, 13 January 2025