language") is designated the bahasa persatuan/pemersatu ("unifying language" or lingua franca) whereas the term "Malay" (bahasa Melayu) is domestically restricted...

education. The indigenous scripts of the Philippines (such as the Kulitan, Tagbanwa and others) are used very little; instead, Philippine languages are today...

ethnic group. They speak the Tagbanwa languages, which have their own unique Tagbanwa script with Unicode-Block Tagbanwa (1760–177F), and can be classified...

Jawi: بهاس ملايو بروني), is the most widely spoken language in Brunei and a lingua franca in some parts of Sarawak and Sabah, such as Labuan, Limbang, Lawas...

Suyat (Baybayin: ᜐᜓᜌᜆ᜔, Hanunó'o: ᜰᜳᜬᜦ᜴, Buhid: ᝐᝓᝌ, Tagbanwa: ᝰᝳᝬ, Modern Kulitan: Jawi (Arabic): سُيَت‎) is the modern collective name of the indigenous...

national language (Wikang pambansa / Pambansang wika) of the Philippines, lingua franca (Karaniwang wika), and one of the two official languages (Wikang...

standardized variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. With over...

Romblon and Marinduque. Buhid, spoken in the interior of Mindoro. Calamian Tagbanwa, spoken in Palawan. Chavacano, spoken in parts of Cavite. Cuyonon, spoken...

Romblon and Marinduque. Buhid, spoken in the interior of Mindoro. Calamian Tagbanwa, spoken in Palawan. Cuyonon, spoken in Palawan. Hanunoo, spoken in the...

and the United States. Most of the speakers can also speak Ilocano, the lingua franca of northern Luzon island. The name Ibanag comes from the prefix I...

several Indigenous groups. The oldest inhabitants are the Palaw'an, Batak, Tagbanwa, and Tau't Bato who are from the interiors and highlands of Palawan, as...

more distantly to Mandar, Massenrempulu, and Mamuju. Taeʼ is used as a lingua franca from south of the border with Buriko Wajo Regency to Malili East...

and creole languages, such as Sabah Malay. Historically, use of Malay as lingua franca prior to the Spanish colonization of the Philippines is witnessed...

living in various regions across Indonesia. Belitung Malay serves as the lingua franca among the people of Belitung, encompassing not only Malays but also...

generally known by other ethnic groups. The sporadic assertion about its lingua franca role has been noted to be mistaken. Bacan remains an in-group and...

several other regional languages such as Sundanese, Madurese, and Sasak; the lingua franca of the region, Malay; as well as the historical languages Kawi and...

million speakers, though in addition Tetum is an official language and a lingua franca among non-Tetum East Timorese. Geoffrey Hull (1998) proposes a Timoric...

English language. Siddhaṃ – 𑖭𑖰𑖟𑖿𑖠𑖽 Used in: Central Asia, Japan Tagbanwa – ᝦᝪᝨᝯ Used in: Palawan, Philippines Tai Tham – ᨲ᩠ᩅᩫᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ Used in: Southeast...

outside of Luzon with a native Tagalog-speaking majority. It is also the main lingua franca in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. According to...

of Palawan and the Cuyo Islands in the Philippines. Cuyonon had been the lingua franca (language used for communication) of the province of Palawan until...

language is decreasing and speakers are increasingly shifting to Ma'anyan, a lingua franca of East Barito. In 2018, it was estimated there was about 50 speakers...

an early settlement for Christian missionaries, leading to its use as a lingua franca in the area, having largely displaced the moribund Araki language...

Sanskrit at a mother tongue level. It is also difficult to accept that the lingua franca of the rural masses is Sanskrit, when most the majority of L1, L2...

Thailand. It is the primary spoken language of Thai Malays and used as a lingua franca by ethnic Southern Thais in rural areas, Muslim and non-Muslim and...

Taglish is very widespread in the Philippines and has become the de facto lingua franca among the urbanized and/or educated middle class. It is largely considered...

and culture heritage. Filipino (Tagalog), however, remains the dominant lingua franca these diverse people that comprise San Vicente populace. In homage...

throughout the three centuries of Spanish rule and continued as the country's lingua franca until the first half of the 20th century. Spanish was the official...

Rejang language. Rencong alphabet – once used to write the Malay language. Tagbanwa alphabet – once used to write various Palawan languages. Lota alphabet...

Indonesian New Guinea alongside 274 other languages and functions as a lingua franca. Papuan Malay belongs to the Malayic sub-branch within the...

Portuguese Timor until 1975, Tetun-Prasa has always been the predominant lingua franca in the eastern part of the island. In the fifteenth century, before...