Litopterna (from Ancient Greek: λῑτή πτέρνα "smooth heel") is an extinct order of South American native ungulates that lived from the Paleocene to the...

Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna)". Geodiversitas. 45 (15). doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a15. ISSN 1280-9659...

Indian subcontinent, as well as the South American native ungulate groups Litopterna and Notoungulata, both of which went extinct approximately 12,000 years...

Paleontology portal Prehistoric mammals portal Scott, William B. (1910). The Litopterna of the Santa Cruz Beds. Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions...

Pliocene to the end of the Pleistocene. It is a member of the extinct order Litopterna, a group of South American native ungulates distinct from the two orders...

comprise five major groups conventionally ranked as orders—Astrapotheria, Litopterna, Notoungulata, Pyrotheria, and Xenungulata—as well as the primitive "condylarth"...

Vanessa; Ribeiro, Ana Maria (2009). "Proterotheriidae and Macraucheniidae (Litopterna, Mammalia) from the Pleistocene of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil". Revista...

while standing or moving. Two other orders of ungulates, Notoungulata and Litopterna, both native to South America, became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene...

Macrauchenia from the Litopterna and Toxodon from the Notoungulata). Both kinship groups, the odd-toed ungulates and the Litopterna-Notoungulata, are now...

is an extinct genus of ungulate mammal belonging to the extinct order Litopterna. This animal lived from the Late Pliocene (Chapadmalalan) to the Late...

Macraucheniidae is a family in the extinct South American ungulate order Litopterna, that resembled various camelids. The reduced nasal bones of their skulls...

Macrauchenidae (Mammalia, Litopterna) do Pleistoceno do Brasil" [Description of a new genus and species of Macrauchenidae (Mammalia, Litopterna) from the Pleistocene...

(2023-02-25). "Anatomy and phylogeny of a new small macraucheniid (Mammalia: Litopterna) from the Bahía Inglesa Formation (late Miocene), Atacama Region, Northern...

Adiantinae by Bordas in 1939. It was assigned to Litopterna (renamed by Jaekel in the same year from Litopterna) by Jaekel in 1911, to Macraucheniidae by Bordas...

The Collón Curá Formation (Spanish: Formación Collón Curá) is a Middle Miocene fossiliferous geological formation of the southern Neuquén Basin in northwestern...

work of McGrath et al. 2020. Soria, M.F. (2001). Los Proterotheriidae (Litopterna, Mammalia) : sistemática, origen y filogenia. Monografías del Museo Argentino...

Restoration of Macrauchenia, a camel-sized member of the extinct ungulate order Litopterna Life restoration of the glyptodonts Doedicurus (front) and Glyptodon Dromornis...

clear, but it may belong to Meridiungulata (along with Notoungulata, Litopterna, Pyrotheria and Xenungulata). In turn, Meridungulata is believed to belong...

The largest prehistoric animals include both vertebrate and invertebrate species. Many of them are described below, along with their typical range of size...

(2023-02-25). "Anatomy and phylogeny of a new small macraucheniid (Mammalia: Litopterna) from the Bahía Inglesa Formation (late Miocene), Atacama Region, Northern...

dental microwear analysis for Neolicaphrium recens Frenguelli, 1921 (Litopterna, Proterotheriidae)", Andean Geology, 46: 153–167, doi:10.5027/andgeoV46n1-3136...

the gazelle-like Thoatherium was a small representative of the order Litopterna. Judging from its long legs, it was a fast runner. Thoatherium had remarkably...

†Astrapotheria (Lydekker, 1894) Order: †Condylarthra (Cope, 1881) Order: †Litopterna (Ameghino, 1889) Order: †Notoungulata (Roth, 1903) Grandorder: Ferungulata...

principale Hippidion saldiasi All remaining Meridiungulata genera Order Litopterna Macraucheniidae Macrauchenia Macraucheniopsis Xenorhinotherium Proterotheriidae...

Protolipterna is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to the order Litopterna. It lived during the Late Paleocene and the Early Eocene, in what is now...

This is an incomplete list of prehistoric mammals. It does not include extant mammals or recently extinct mammals. For extinct primate species, see: list...

Notonychops is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to the order Litopterna, that lived during the Middle to Late Paleocene in what is today South America...

Wible, J. R.; Brusatte, S. L. (2024). "A new dentition-based phylogeny of Litopterna (Mammalia: Placentalia) and 'archaic' South American ungulates". Zoological...

Vizcaíno SF, Marenssi SA (2006). "A new 'South American ungulate' (Mammalia: Litopterna) from the Eocene of the Antarctic Peninsula". In Francis JE, Pirrie D...

"Paleobiology of Santacrucian native ungulates (Meridiungulata: Astrapotheria, Litopterna and Notoungulata)", Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia (1 ed.), Cambridge...