Markov's principle (also known as the Leningrad principle), named after Andrey Markov Jr, is a conditional existence statement for which there are many...

particular associated with Markov's principle and Markov's rule in mathematical logic, Markov's theorem in knot theory and Markov algorithm in theoretical...

In principle, any Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler can be turned into an interacting Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler. These interacting Markov chain...

The principle of detailed balance can be used in kinetic systems which are decomposed into elementary processes (collisions, or steps, or elementary reactions)...

{\displaystyle x\geq 0} or x ≤ 0 {\displaystyle x\leq 0} , while the analytic Markov's principle states that if x ≤ 0 {\displaystyle x\leq 0} is false, then x > 0...

being consistent with the provability reading of constructive logic. Markov's principle for primitive recursive predicates M P P R {\displaystyle {\mathrm...

A hidden Markov model (HMM) is a Markov model in which the observations are dependent on a latent (or "hidden") Markov process (referred to as X {\displaystyle...

Instituta im. Steklova 38 (1951) 176-189) Kushner, Boris A. (1999-05-28). "Markov's constructive analysis; a participant's view". Theoretical Computer Science...

The principle of maximum entropy states that the probability distribution which best represents the current state of knowledge about a system is the one...

constructive mathematics, the unbounded search operator is related to Markov's principle. In the following x represents the string xi, ..., xn. The bounded...

property, Markov's inequality, Markov processes, Markov random field, Markov algorithm etc. Andrey Markov, Jr., author of Markov's principle and Markov's rule...

arithmetic extended with the following principles Axiom of choice Markov's principle Independence of premise for universal formulas is necessary and sufficient...

With this, one may validate Markov's principle M P {\displaystyle {\mathrm {MP} }} and the extended Church's principle E C T 0 {\displaystyle {\mathrm...

show that Markov's principle is not derivable in intuitionistic logic. On the contrary, it allows to constructively justify the principle of independence...

accommodating indeterminacy, uncertainty, or levels of truth. markov's principle A principle in constructive mathematics stating that if it is impossible...

-- Lwów–Warsaw school of logic -- Main contention -- Major term -- Markov's principle -- Martin Gardner bibliography -- Masked-man fallacy -- Material conditional...

property, Markov's inequality, Markov processes, Markov random field, Markov algorithm Andrey Markov, Jr., author of Markov's principle and Markov's rule in...

adopted in various schools. Markov's principle is adopted in the Russian school of recursive mathematics. This principle strengthens the impact of proven...

The principle of indifference (also called principle of insufficient reason) is a rule for assigning epistemic probabilities. The principle of indifference...

all k < m {\displaystyle k<m} can be tested. Moreover, adopting Markov's principle in arithmetic allows removal of double-negation for decidable T {\displaystyle...

Heyting field is the real numbers. Constructive analysis Pseudo-order Markov's principle Mines, Richman, Ruitenberg. A Course in Constructive Algebra. Springer...

equivalent for predicates, namely Markov's principle, does not automatically hold, but may be considered as an additional principle. In an inhabited domain and...

optimization problem into a sequence of simpler subproblems, as Bellman's “principle of optimality" prescribes. The equation applies to algebraic structures...

The Markov condition, sometimes called the Markov assumption, is an assumption made in Bayesian probability theory, that every node in a Bayesian network...

Markov blanket. More formally, the free energy principle says that if a system has a "particular partition" (i.e., into particles, with their Markov blankets)...

countable implies being subcountable. In the appropriate context with Markov's principle, the converse is equivalent to the law of excluded middle, i.e. that...

In statistics, the likelihood principle is the proposition that, given a statistical model, all the evidence in a sample relevant to model parameters...

decidable predicates is not even intuitionistically provable, see Markov's principle. Absurdity ⊥ {\displaystyle \bot } is used not only in natural deduction...

In statistics, the Gauss–Markov theorem (or simply Gauss theorem for some authors) states that the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator has the lowest...

representation theorem Lévy's continuity theorem Uniform integrability Markov's inequality Chebyshev's inequality = Chernoff bound Chernoff's inequality...