Textual scholarship (or textual studies) is an umbrella term for disciplines that deal with describing, transcribing, editing or annotating texts and...

Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants,...

text and as a special case of machine translation. In the field of textual scholarship and the editing of historic texts, the term "normalization" implies...

language in oral and written historical sources. It is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics with strong ties...

Homeric scholarship is the study of any Homeric topic, especially the two large surviving epics, the Iliad and Odyssey. It is currently part of the academic...

In archaeological terms, graffiti (plural of graffito) is a mark, image or writing scratched or engraved into a surface. There have been numerous examples...

(for document forensics related to criminal activity) Sigillography Textual scholarship "diplomatic". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University...

The Book of Enoch (also known as 1 Enoch), is an ancient Jewish religious work, ascribed by tradition and internal attestation to Enoch, the great-grandfather...

Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface. It was made from the pith of...

A writing material is a surface that can be written on with suitable instruments, or used for symbolic or representational drawings. Building materials...

Revision is a process in writing of rearranging, adding, or removing paragraphs, sentences, or words. Writers may revise their writing after a draft is...

A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring...

This is a list of notable codices. For the purposes of this compilation, as in philology, a "codex" is a manuscript book published from the late Antiquity...

for "the more difficult reading is the stronger") is a main principle of textual criticism. Where different manuscripts conflict on a particular reading...

has implications on one's interpretation of text. Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned...

The ecclesiastical words most commonly abbreviated at all times are proper names, titles (official or customary), of persons or corporations, and words...

Brooke Foss Westcott (1825–1901) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828–1892). Textual scholars use the abbreviations "WH" or "WHNU". It is a critical text, compiled...

An ostracon (Greek: ὄστρακον ostrakon, plural ὄστρακα ostraka) is a piece of pottery, usually broken off from a vase or other earthenware vessel. In an...

websites such as Pinterest, or even meme generators and GIF tools. Textual scholarship is a discipline that often uses the technique of annotation to describe...

The bibliographical definition of an edition is all copies of a book printed from substantially the same setting of type, including all minor typographical...

This is a list of famous manuscripts. Carte Manuscripts Codex Nuttall 16th century, Mixtec Red Book of Hergest 14th about century, Welsh Voynich manuscript...

Typesetting is the composition of text for publication, display, or distribution by means of arranging physical type (or sort) in mechanical systems or...

the Latin recensio ("review, analysis"). In textual criticism (as is the case with Biblical scholarship), the count noun recension is a family of manuscripts...

In the context of written composition, drafting refers to any process of generating preliminary versions of a written work. Drafting happens at any stage...

Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves, and goats. It has been used as a writing...

Levels of edit (or levels of editing) describes a cumulative or categorical scheme for revising text. Beginning as a tool to standardize communication...

Epigraphy (from Ancient Greek ἐπιγραφή (epigraphḗ) 'inscription') is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying...

corrupt, contaminated, nonsensical or illegible textual fragment. Conjecture is one of the techniques of textual criticism used by philologists while commenting...

Caro, W.; Mitello, L.; Marucci, A.R.; Lancia, L.; Sansoni, J. (2016). "Textual Analysis and Data Mining: An Interpreting Research on Nursing". Studies...

A scroll (from the Old French escroe or escroue), also known as a roll, is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing. A scroll is usually...