Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which...

Vitamin B12 deficiency, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is the medical condition in which the blood and tissue have a lower than normal level of vitamin...

where not enough red blood cells are produced due to a deficiency of vitamin B12. Those affected often have a gradual onset. The most common initial symptoms...

measuring the B12 content does not measure the B12 directly. Instead, it measures a bacterial response to the food. Chemical variants of the B12 vitamin found...

folates) Vitamin B12 (cobalamins) Vitamin C (ascorbic acid and ascorbates) Vitamin D (calciferols) Vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols) Vitamin K (phylloquinones...

acids, vitamin D, calcium, zinc, and vitamin B12. Researchers agree that those on a vegan diet should take a vitamin B12 dietary supplement. The American...

Vitamin fortification programs exist in one or more countries for folate, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D...

Methylcobalamin (mecobalamin, MeCbl, or MeB12) is a cobalamin, a form of vitamin B12. It differs from cyanocobalamin in that the cyano group at the cobalt...

L-methylmalonyl-CoA into succinyl-CoA by L-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, whereby vitamin B12 in the form of adenosylcobalamin is required as a coenzyme. This degradation...

vitamin B12 naturally, and spirulina supplements are not considered a reliable source of vitamin B12, as they contain predominantly pseudovitamin B12...

are concerns that large amounts of supplemental folic acid can hide vitamin B12 deficiency. Not consuming enough folate can lead to folate deficiency...

methylmalonic acidemias. Methylmalonyl-CoA requires vitamin B12 to form succinyl-CoA. When the amount of B12 is insufficient for the conversion of cofactor...

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. B12...

childhood, and adolescence. However, vegetarian diets deficient in vitamin B12 or calories may compromise children's health and development. The UK...

(B12), and biotin. B vitamins are not synthesized in the body, and thus need to be obtained from food. B-complex vitamins are water-soluble vitamins,...

as vitamin B12a and hydroxycobalamin, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency...

Serum vitamin B12 is a medical laboratory test that measure vitamin B12 only in the blood binding to both transcobalamins. Most of the time, 80–94% of...

B-complex vitamins and contains trace amounts of several other vitamins and minerals. Sometimes nutritional yeast is fortified with vitamin B12, another...

of decreased production include iron deficiency, folate deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thalassemia and a number of bone marrow tumors. Causes of...

Zhang D (April 2021). "Associations of dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with the risk of depression: a systematic review...

cells (in rodents) of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 later on in the distal ileum of the small intestine. In humans, the gastric...

1971). "[205] Preparation of the reduced forms of vitamin B12 and of some analogs of the vitamin B12 coenzyme containing a cobalt-carbon bond". In McCormick...

increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies, such as reduced intake of vitamin B12, calcium, iron, zinc, omega-3 or protein. Some fruitarians will eat only...

coast. Porphyra contains vitamin B12 and one study suggests that it is the most suitable non-meat source of this essential vitamin. In the view of the Academy...

for patients with vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency. The purpose of the test was to determine how well a patient is able to absorb B12 from their intestinal...

The total synthesis of the complex biomolecule vitamin B12 was accomplished in two different approaches by the collaborating research groups of Robert...

cell DNA synthesis is most often due to hypovitaminosis, specifically vitamin B12 deficiency or folate deficiency. Loss of micronutrients may also be a...

shortened red blood cell lifespan. Folate deficiency can be secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency or a defect in homocysteine methyl transferase that leads...

plant-based source of biologically active Vitamin B12 (not B12 analogues). Although current studies show it to have a high B12 content and low levels of analogues...

some difficulties. For vitamin B12, depending on the presence or absence of eggs and dairy products in the diet or other reliable B12 sources, vegetarians...