comparison 8-bit μ-law 8-bit linear PCM 16-bit linear PCM Problems playing these files? See media help. The μ-law algorithm (sometimes written mu-law, often abbreviated...

digitizing. It is one of the two companding algorithms in the G.711 standard from ITU-T, the other being the similar μ-law, used in North America and Japan. For...

two different logarithmic companding algorithms: μ-law, which is used primarily in North America and Japan, and A-law, which is in use in most other countries...

quantization levels vary as a function of amplitude (as with the A-law algorithm or the μ-law algorithm). Though PCM is a more general term, it is often used to...

integrable random variables with expected value E(X1) = E(X2) = ... = μ, both versions of the law state that the sample average X ¯ n = 1 n ( X 1 + ⋯ + X n ) {\displaystyle...

dimension of H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} , and so the law of X n {\displaystyle X_{n}} converges to μ {\displaystyle \mu } as n → ∞ {\displaystyle n\to \infty...

includes ample 1 bits to maintain synchronization. (To help this, the μ-law algorithm for digitizing voice signals encodes silence as a continuous stream...

The earliest algorithms used in speech encoding (and audio data compression in general) were the A-law algorithm and the μ-law algorithm. Early audio...

− μ ) 2 ) + τ 0 ( μ − μ 0 ) 2 ) ) ∝ exp ⁡ ( − 1 2 ( n τ ( x ¯ − μ ) 2 + τ 0 ( μ − μ 0 ) 2 ) ) = exp ⁡ ( − 1 2 ( n τ + τ 0 ) ( μ − n τ x ¯ + τ 0 μ 0 n...

the auditory system. A classic method is nonlinear PCM, such as the μ-law algorithm. Small signals are digitized with finer granularity than are large...

efficient heuristic algorithms converge quickly to a local optimum. These are usually similar to the expectation–maximization algorithm for mixtures of Gaussian...

one of the K ∈ N + {\displaystyle K\in \mathbb {N} ^{+}} levers. Let μ 1 , … , μ K {\displaystyle \mu _{1},\dots ,\mu _{K}} be the mean values associated...

(LPC) Formant coding Machine learning, i.e. neural vocoder The A-law and μ-law algorithms used in G.711 PCM digital telephony can be seen as an earlier precursor...

system Minifloat Block floating-point scaling Modulo operation μ-law algorithm A-law algorithm "What's the Difference Between Fixed-Point, Floating-Point...

generalized distributive law (GDL) is a generalization of the distributive property which gives rise to a general message passing algorithm. It is a synthesis...

simplified explanation of the Glicko-2 algorithm is presented below: Across one rating period, a player with a current rating μ {\displaystyle \mu } and ratings...

audio coding, sound chip, audio codec, pulse-code modulation (PCM), μ-law algorithm, audio filter, anti-aliasing filter, low-pass filter, pulse-density...

by the viscosities μ 0 {\displaystyle \mu _{0}} and μ ∞ {\displaystyle \mu _{\infty }} respectively. A Newtonian fluid is a power-law fluid with a behaviour...

function of the μ, c or β {\displaystyle \beta } variables it follows that these parameters for the convolved function are given by: μ = μ 1 + μ 2 c = ( c 1...

μ 1 P 0 {\displaystyle P_{1}={\frac {\lambda _{0}}{\mu _{1}}}P_{0}} and P 2 = λ 1 μ 2 P 1 + 1 μ 2 ( μ 1 P 1 − λ 0 P 0 ) = λ 1 μ 2 P 1 = λ 1 λ 0 μ 2 μ...

derivatives, and applying Gauss's law gives: 0 = ∇ ⋅ ( ∇ × B ) = ∇ ⋅ ( μ 0 ( J + ε 0 ∂ E ∂ t ) ) = μ 0 ( ∇ ⋅ J + ε 0 ∂ ∂ t ∇ ⋅ E ) = μ 0 ( ∇ ⋅ J + ∂ ρ ∂ t ) {\displaystyle...

,} then we have that e − ( μ − λ ) 2 ( λ + μ ) 2 − e − ( λ + μ ) 2 λ μ − e − ( λ + μ ) 4 λ μ ≤ P ( X − Y ≥ 0 ) ≤ e − ( μ − λ ) 2 {\displaystyle {\frac...

arithmetic (SLI) Gaussian logarithm Zech's logarithm ITU-T G.711 A-law algorithm μ-law algorithm Lee, Samuel C.; Edgar, Albert D. (September 1979). "Addendum...

find exp ⁡ ( − t ( 1 + δ ) μ + ( e t − 1 ) μ ) = exp ⁡ ( ( 1 + δ − 1 ) μ ) ( 1 + δ ) ( 1 + δ ) μ = [ e δ ( 1 + δ ) ( 1 + δ ) ] μ . {\displaystyle \exp {\Big...

{\displaystyle a\leq x\leq b} , is given by f ( x ; μ , σ , a , b ) = 1 σ φ ( x − μ σ ) Φ ( b − μ σ ) − Φ ( a − μ σ ) {\displaystyle f(x;\mu ,\sigma ,a,b)={\frac...

∞, where μ depends on the lattice, but the power law correction n 11 32 {\displaystyle n^{\frac {11}{32}}} does not; in other words, this law is believed...

background noise that satisfies N ( μ , σ 2 ) {\displaystyle N(\mu ,\sigma ^{2})} . Under plume modeling, different algorithms can be used to localize the odor...

within ε of μ for any ε > 0. Let ε = |μ – m| > 0. Choose the desired confidence level – the percent chance that, when the Monte Carlo algorithm completes...

distribution which possesses a mean μ also takes the value μ. The median of a normal distribution with mean μ and variance σ2 is μ. In fact, for a normal distribution...

G.711 (μ-law) PSQM testing under network stress yields mean opinion scores of 3.57 for G.723.1 (6.3 kbit/s), compared to 4.13 for G.711 (μ-law) As of...