particle physics, a boson (/ˈboʊzɒn/ /ˈboʊsɒn/) is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0, 1, 2, ...). Bosons form one of the...

The Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle, is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation...

physics, the W and Z bosons are vector bosons that are together known as the weak bosons or more generally as the intermediate vector bosons. These elementary...

exchange of gauge bosons, usually as virtual particles. Photons, W and Z bosons, and gluons are gauge bosons. All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1;...

necessarily, half-integer spin fermions) exchange integer-spin, force-carrying bosons. The fermions involved in such exchanges can be either elementary (e.g....

up boson, bosonic, or bozon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A boson is a particle that has integer spin. Boson may also refer to: John Boson, woodworker...

particle physics, a vector boson is a boson whose spin equals one. Vector bosons that are also elementary particles are gauge bosons, the force carriers of...

co-orbiting boson stars, and GW190521, thought to be the most energetic black hole merging, may be the head-on collision of two boson stars. Boson stars may...

proof of the top quark (1995), the tau neutrino (2000), and the Higgs boson (2012) have added further credence to the Standard Model. In addition, the...

A scalar boson is a boson whose spin equals zero. A boson is a particle whose wave function is symmetric under particle exchange and therefore follows...

particles—twelve fermions and five bosons. As a consequence of flavor and color combinations and antimatter, the fermions and bosons are known to have 48 and 13...

Bosön is a sports complex on Lidingö outside Stockholm in Sweden, and the headquarters for the Swedish Sports Confederation. Several Swedish national...

Boson sampling is a restricted model of non-universal quantum computation introduced by Scott Aaronson and Alex Arkhipov after the original work of Lidror...

particle and condensed matter physics, Goldstone bosons or Nambu–Goldstone bosons (NGBs) are bosons that appear necessarily in models exhibiting spontaneous...

In particle physics, W′ and Z′ bosons (or W-prime and Z-prime bosons) refer to hypothetical gauge bosons that arise from extensions of the electroweak...

boson model (IBM) is a model in nuclear physics in which nucleons (protons or neutrons) pair up, essentially acting as a single particle with boson properties...

A composite boson is a bound state of fermions such that the combination gives a boson. Examples include Cooper pairs, semiconductor excitons, mesons,...

spin while bosons have integer spin. All the particles of the Standard Model have been experimentally observed, including the Higgs boson in 2012. Many...

about four times the previous world record. The discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC was announced in 2012. Between 2013 and 2015, the LHC was shut...

Higgs boson was a 40-year effort by physicists to prove the existence or non-existence of the Higgs boson, first theorised in the 1960s. The Higgs boson was...

combine to produce only a single elementary boson, such as a photon ( γ ), gluon ( g ), Z , or a Higgs boson ( H0 ). If the total energy in the center-of-momentum...

are classified in the Standard Model as fermions (matter particles) and bosons (force-carrying particles). There are three generations of fermions, although...

John Boson was a cabinet maker and carver whose work is associated with that of William Kent. It is said that if he had not died at such a relatively...

Gontran Boson, also known as Gontran The Cunning, was a Frankish duke in the service of the Merovingian kings Sigebert I and Childebert II. He was born...

allowed indirect determination of the mass of the Higgs boson (see § Mass and coupling to the Higgs boson below). As such, the top quark's properties are extensively...

Boso (or Boson) "the Elder" (c. 800 – 855) was a Frankish of the Bosonid dynasty, Count in Italy. He was married to Engeltrude. They had the following...

generation mechanism of the property "mass" for gauge bosons. Without the Higgs mechanism, all bosons (one of the two classes of particles, the other being...

production of the Z boson, which has a mass of 91 GeV. The accelerator was upgraded later to enable production of a pair of W bosons, each having a mass...

Boson II of Arles (928 – 965/67) was Count of Avignon from 935 and Count of Arles from 949. Around 953, Boso II married Constance, possibly a daughter...

general and of the W and Z bosons in particular. This Higgs mechanism predicted the existence of a new particle, the Higgs boson, the detection of which...