electromagnetism, charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume. Volume charge density (symbolized by the...

Charge carrier density, also known as carrier concentration, denotes the number of charge carriers per volume. In SI units, it is measured in m−3. As...

A charge density wave (CDW) is an ordered quantum fluid of electrons in a linear chain compound or layered crystal. The electrons within a CDW form a standing...

is balanced by an equal density of opposite charges within the volume. Charges that are not balanced are part of the free charge discussed below. For a...

d3r′ denotes an elementary volume in V. For an array of point charges, the charge density becomes a sum of Dirac delta functions: ρ ( r ) = ∑ i = 1 N q...

electromagnetism, current density is the amount of charge per unit time that flows through a unit area of a chosen cross section. The current density vector is defined...

calculating density Densities of the elements (data page) List of elements by density Air density Area density Bulk density Buoyancy Charge density Density prediction...

on positive charge and terminate on negative charge. They are parallel to the direction of the electric field at each point, and the density of these field...

linear charge density (the amount of electric charge per unit length) are two common examples used in science and engineering. The term linear density or...

Poisson's equation is the potential field caused by a given electric charge or mass density distribution; with the potential field known, one can then calculate...

The conservation of charge results in the charge-current continuity equation. More generally, the rate of change in charge density ρ within a volume of...

the density of the lines. Field lines due to stationary charges have several important properties, including always originating from positive charges and...

four-current (technically the four-current density) is the four-dimensional analogue of the current density, with units of charge per unit time per unit area. Also...

given by a continuity equation between charge density ρ ( x ) {\displaystyle \rho (\mathbf {x} )} and current density J ( x ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {J} (\mathbf...

must begin and end on the free charges. In contrast ρ b {\displaystyle \rho _{\text{b}}} is the density of all those charges that are part of a dipole, each...

field, ρ {\displaystyle \rho } the electric charge density and J {\displaystyle \mathbf {J} } the current density. ε 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}} is...

}\right)=-\nabla ^{2}V_{\mathbf {E} }=\rho /\varepsilon _{0}} where ρ is the total charge density and ∇ ⋅ {\textstyle \mathbf {\nabla } \cdot } denotes the divergence...

volume Charge density, the electric charge per volume Energy density, potential energy per unit volume Force density, force per unit volume Power density, power...

{E}}} is the electric field, e is the elementary charge (1.6×10−19 coulomb), and p is the hole density (number per unit volume). The electric field makes...

the divergence of the electric field is proportional to the local density of charge. The law was first formulated by Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1773, followed...

number density, two-dimensional areal number density, or one-dimensional linear number density. Population density is an example of areal number density. The...

derivatives of the exchange correlation energy with respect to the charge density. Consequently, it is not clear if the second theorem of DFT holds in...

conductors and containing a specified charge density ρ, the electric field is uniquely determined if the total charge on each conductor is given. Possessing...

the spin density in 3D-space. Difference density map Electron cloud Electron configuration Resolution (electron density) Charge density Density functional...

be sufficient for ignition. Further, because surfaces have a maximal charge density, an area of at least 100 cm2 has to be involved. This is not considered...

{\partial \mathbf {E} }{\partial t}}} where ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the charge density, which is a function of time and position, ε 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon...

predicting chemical potentials μ in liquids. It processes the screening charge density σ on the surface of molecules to calculate the chemical potential μ...

2-D surface, and surface charge density, measured in coulombs per square meter (C•m−2), is used to describe the charge distribution on the surface. The...

measuring the triboelectric charge density of materials was proposed by the group of Zhong Lin Wang. The triboelectric charge density of the tested materials...

of majority carriers (leaving a charge density equal to the net doping level), and the edge between the space charge region and the neutral region is...