especially when using mass-produced kiln-dried timber stocks. Heartwood (or duramen) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation...

hard Latin durus, durare dour, dura, durability, durable, durain, dural, duramen, durance, durancy, duration, durative, dure, duress, durity, durous, durum...

Cortex Phloem Vascular cambium Wood (xylem) Sapwood (alburnum) Heartwood (duramen) Pith (medulla) In young stems, which lack what is commonly called bark...

hard Latin durus, durare dour, dura, durability, durable, durain, dural, duramen, durance, durancy, duration, durative, dure, duress, durity, durous, durum...

moisture and water can easily bend, wrap or even break thin boards. The duramen has a uniform dark brown with fine, but easily distinguishable grains and...

plant, usually darker and harder than the younger sapwood. Also called duramen. Herbaceous – non-woody and dying to the ground at the end of the growing...