Fraxinetum or Fraxinet (Arabic: فرخشنيط, romanized: Farakhshanīt or فرخشة Farakhsha, from Latin fraxinus: "ash tree", fraxinetum: "ash forest") was the...

at Fraxinetum. For decades, the Saracens had been making inroads into Provence, building several fortresses, the greatest of which was at Fraxinetum, the...

The Battle of Fraxinet or Fraxinetum was fought around 20 May 942, between a Hungarian raiding army and the Muslim frontier state of Fraxinet, and ended...

incursion into Gaul, in the ninth century, resulted in the establishment of Fraxinetum, a fortress in Provence that lasted for nearly a century. By 716, under...

vicinity of Saint-Tropez in the middle of the Massif des Maures, with Fraxinetum as its chief town, which Arab written sources call Gabal al qilâl ("the...

Muslim Saracens had established a base on the coast of Provence called Fraxinetum, near modern-day Saint-Tropez. From here they controlled the mountains...

al-Andalus attacked Marseille and Arles and established a base in Camargue, Fraxinetum or La Garde-Freinet-Les Mautes (888-972), from which they made slave raids...

replacement for beneficium) can be dated to 899, the same year a Muslim base at Fraxinetum (La Garde-Freinet) in Provence was established. It is possible, Samarrai...

al-Andalus attacked Marseille and Arles and established a base in Camargue, Fraxinetum or La Garde-Freinet-Les Mautes (888–972), from which they made slave raids...

Saracens of Fraxinetum. According to Liutprand of Cremona in his Antapodosis, in 972 or 973 Arduin and Rotbold led the successful assault on Fraxinetum itself...

the 9th century to the 10th, al-Andalus also extended its presence from Fraxinetum into the Alps with a series of organized raids. The period of the Caliphate...

apocryphal, when Conrad learned that both the Magyars and the Saracens of Fraxinetum were marching against him, he sent envoys to both armies warning them...

raiders moved up to Galicia, Asturias, and North Africa. The colonisers of Fraxinetum came from al-Andalus as well. Due to his consolidation of power, Muslim...

driven out when Count William I of Provence captured their stronghold at Fraxinetum in 975. William rewarded the knights who had fought for him in this campaign...

759. During a later battle, the Al Andalusians established the fortress Fraxinetum. In 838, the Annales Bertiniani record that Muslims raided Marseille in...

(PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2015. Mohammad Ballan. "FRAXINETUM: AN ISLAMIC FRONTIER STATE IN TENTH-CENTURY PROVENCE" (PDF). Comitatus:...

Charles Martel who ruled the kingdom of the Franks, with exception of the Fraxinetum enclave which lasted until the 10th century. Hisham died on 6 February...

(2000). p. 28 Baják László (2000). p. 28–29 Ballan, Mohammad (2010). Fraxinetum: An Islamic Frontier State in Tenth-Century Provence. Comitatus: A Journal...

after they had put under their control a part of Provence with a base at Fraxinetum. Monaco is again mentioned in the 11th century, when the church of St...

Valley and allied with Provence against the Muslim Andalusian outpost of Fraxinetum. He ruled the counties of Auriate, Turin, Asti, Albenga and probably Bredulo...

restore Bremetense near Gap, which had been destroyed by the Saracens of Fraxinetum. He and his brother gave up control of much of the royal fisc, which had...

supply of European slaves came from Muslim outposts in Europe such as Fraxinetum. Up until the early 18th century, the Crimean Khanate maintained a massive...

(1228–1250) Taifa of Menorca (1228–1287) Emirate of Granada (1228–1492) France Fraxinetum (887–972) The Emirate of Septimania, Southern France (Gaul) (719–759)...

Történettudományi Intézete, pp. 51-52. ISBN 963-8312-67-X. Ballan, Mohammad (2010). Fraxinetum: An Islamic Frontier State in Tenth-Century Provence. Comitatus: A journal...

the fall of 962, Adalbert left Italy and took refuge with the Arabs of Fraxinetum in southern Burgundy. From there he went to Corsica. From Corsica he opened...

where they had been subject to raids from Muslim pirates based out of Fraxinetum, the Balearic Islands and the eastern ports of Spain, the so-called Sharq...

889 and 973, a community of Muslim raiders operating from their base of Fraxinetum, on the coast of Provence, blocked the Alpine passes to Christian travellers...

al-Andalus attacked Marseille and Arles and established a base in Camargue, Fraxinetum or La Garde-Freinet-Les Mautes (888–972), from which they made slave raids...

Bertha was apparently motivated by the threat posed by the Arab colony at Fraxinetum, and turned to al-Muktafi in the—mistaken—belief that the caliph still...

base in Camargue, Fraxinetum or La Garde-Freinet-Les Mautes (888–972), from which they made slave raids in to France and the Fraxinetum slave trade exported...