In organic chemistry, hyperconjugation (σ-conjugation or no-bond resonance) refers to the delocalization of electrons with the participation of bonds of...

In organic chemistry, negative hyperconjugation is the donation of electron density from a filled π- or p-orbital to a neighboring σ*-orbital. This phenomenon...

widely accepted explanation is that there is a stabilizing interaction (hyperconjugation) between the unshared electron pair on the endocyclic heteroatom (within...

Negative hyperconjugation is a theorized phenomenon in organosilicon compounds, in which hyperconjugation stabilizes or destabilizes certain accumulations...

substituted the carbocation, the more stable it is, due to induction and hyperconjugation. The major product of the addition reaction will be the one formed...

are two main explanations for the gauche effect: hyperconjugation and bent bonds. In the hyperconjugation model, the donation of electron density from the...

is perhaps the strongest candidate, with the stabilizing effect of hyperconjugation on the staggered conformation contributing to the phenomenon. Theoretical...

interactions of the substituents as well as orbital interactions such as hyperconjugation are responsible for the relative stability of conformers and their...

are two main explanations for the gauche effect: hyperconjugation and bent bonds. In the hyperconjugation model, the donation of electron density from the...

syn-periplanar. The parallel orbitals can overlap and become involved in hyperconjugation. If the bonding orbital is an electron donor and the anti-bonding orbital...

p orbital. Hyperconjugation is commonly invoked to explain the stability of alkyl substituted radicals and carbocations. Hyperconjugation is less important...

weaker form of delocalization is hyperconjugation. In radical chemistry, radicals are stabilized by hyperconjugation with adjacent alkyl groups. The donation...

rather than the S-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation...

of mixing full and empty orbitals to delocalize electrons, known as hyperconjugation. When the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of one system and...

separation between alkyl groups is greatest in the most substituted alkene. Hyperconjugation, which describes the stabilizing interaction between the HOMO of the...

that the reaction proceeds through a vinyl cation transition state. Hyperconjugation and hydrogen bonding was evoked to explain the accessibility of the...

in other words, electron delocalization. Hyperconjugation Carbon radicals are stabilized by hyperconjugation, meaning that more substituted carbons are...

also occurs in carbon compounds, where it is sometimes referred to as hyperconjugation; another name for asymmetrical three-center two-electron bonds. The...

carbocations, and primary carbocations are the least stable(due to hyperconjugation). An equimolar mixture of ZnCl2 and concentrated HCl is the reagent...

superacid media. The stabilization by alkyl groups is explained by hyperconjugation. The donation of electron density from a β C-H or C-C bond into the...

show that 1,2-difluoroethane prefers the gauche conformation due to hyperconjugation effects. Since F is much more electronegative than the C atom, it will...

promote fragmentation by stabilizing carbocation formation through hyperconjugation. As shown in the above picture, the "stable" carbocation is formed...

overall activation energy. The lowering of the LUMO is the result of hyperconjugation between alkyne π donor orbitals and CF σ* acceptors. These interactions...

determine the stability of reactants and products such as conjugation, hyperconjugation and aromaticity and the presence and stability of reactive intermediates...

terms of a conjugation effect and in later years after the advent of hyperconjugation (1939) as its predecessor. A fundamental problem with the effect is...

well-studied example of delocalization that does not involve π electrons (hyperconjugation) can be observed in the non-classical 2-Norbornyl cation Another example...

of the non-bonding orbital at phosphorus through n(P) → σ*(Si-Si) hyperconjugation is more effective after metalation. This is due to the higher negative...

carbocation is also stabilized by both inductive stabilization and hyperconjugation from attached alkyl groups. The Hammond–Leffler postulate suggests...

softness-hardness-based models, aromaticity and antiaromaticity, hyperconjugation, etc. The application to main-group element compounds utilizes principles...

hydrogen bonding, inductive effects, isomerism, resonance, aromaticity, hyperconjugation, mesomerism, carbocations and carbanions, free radical, bond cleavage...