and woods to avoid conscription into Vichy France's Service du travail obligatoire (STO; 'Compulsory Work Service') which provided forced labor for Germany...
27 KB (3,449 words) - 01:10, 14 November 2024
primarily disaffected youths fleeing the German policy of Service du travail obligatoire, a forced labour program that provides manpower for factories based in...
8 KB (658 words) - 00:25, 8 November 2024
October 2022. Cerf, P. (1984). Le Luxembourg et son armée. Le service obligatoire à Luxembourg de 1945 à 1967 (in French). Luxembourg: RTL Editions. Spang...
38 KB (3,828 words) - 18:34, 28 November 2024
(2019-07-01). "Education. Le saviez-vous ? Il y 63 ans, l'école devenait obligatoire jusqu'à 16 ans" (in French). ISSN 1760-6454. Retrieved 2022-11-27. "The...
4 KB (196 words) - 13:41, 24 September 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
24 KB (2,304 words) - 19:33, 24 October 2024
recognised as victims of the Vichy and Nazi regime, Service du travail obligatoire (STO) workers, French workers who had been sent to Germany to work as...
25 KB (2,859 words) - 19:48, 3 November 2024
Devoir (in French). Retrieved 6 August 2021. "Québec: Boycott du cours obligatoire d'éthique et de culture religieuse". Zenit. 23 January 2009. Archived...
42 KB (3,912 words) - 16:29, 29 September 2024
into hiding rather than report for the mandatory Service du travail obligatoire (STO) to work for German arms factories. In the south of France especially...
178 KB (20,348 words) - 09:32, 24 November 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
6 KB (483 words) - 22:58, 21 September 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
13 KB (866 words) - 03:30, 2 November 2024
General Marie-Eugène Debeney, the new army manual entitled Provisional Instruction on the Tactical Employment of Large Units, which soon became known as...
87 KB (10,385 words) - 22:53, 18 December 2024
Ashdown, The Cruel Victory. Beginning in 1942, the Service du Travail Obligatoire (STO, Compulsory Work Service) resulted in the deportation of hundreds...
24 KB (3,183 words) - 11:23, 8 November 2024
N. and G. BROUSSEAU (1987). Rationnels et décimaux dans la scolarité obligatoire (in French). France portal Mathematics portal Didactic method "Guybrousseau"...
8 KB (790 words) - 02:47, 14 October 2024
Maurice Rajsfus, La Rafle du Vél d'Hiv, Que sais-je ?, éditions PUF Instructions given by chief of police Hennequin for the raid (in French): http://artsweb...
52 KB (6,446 words) - 20:38, 21 December 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
22 KB (2,312 words) - 21:17, 16 December 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
15 KB (1,491 words) - 20:21, 11 September 2024
(1943) The voluntary relève, was replaced by the Service du travail obligatoire (STO) which began in August 1942 throughout occupied Europe. To Sauckel...
84 KB (8,852 words) - 21:53, 22 November 2024
Taxes and contributions together are called in French prélèvements obligatoires (compulsory deductions). All economic agents (individuals or legal entities...
55 KB (7,290 words) - 17:01, 26 July 2024
Rajoelina, Andry (19 April 2020). "La prise du Covid-Organics sera obligatoire pour tous les élèves". @SE_Rajoelina (in French). Retrieved 14 May 2020...
63 KB (5,792 words) - 23:21, 6 December 2024
December 2017. "Ecoles privées dans le canton de Vaud - Enseignement obligatoire (4 à 16 ans)" [Private schools in the canton of Vaud – Compulsory education...
12 KB (1,438 words) - 04:25, 2 October 2024
A placard in Paris cited Macron: ' "Je ne rendrai pas la vaccination obligatoire", Emmanuel Macron, Novembre 2020 ' ["I will not make vaccination obligatory"...
207 KB (17,362 words) - 22:45, 16 December 2024
become forced labourers on a German farm under the Service du travail obligatoire programme (STO), but become involved in the lives of their captors. Charles...
3 KB (201 words) - 23:16, 30 May 2024
specialists and forcibly conscripted Frenchmen from the Service du Travail Obligatoire (STO). They were supplemented by Belgian, Dutch, French, Polish, Czech...
51 KB (5,375 words) - 13:35, 29 November 2024
Vichy regime established the Obligatory Work Service (Service du travail obligatoire, STO) for French citizens, with similar objectives: to provide manual...
37 KB (4,325 words) - 06:36, 21 December 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
15 KB (1,635 words) - 11:42, 28 May 2024
transferred to Germany for compulsory labour under the Service du Travail Obligatoire (STO). The labour shortage was worsened by the large number of French...
239 KB (32,898 words) - 20:28, 28 October 2024
Fatherland's war factories, and made it mandatory (STO Service du Travail Obligatoire), avoidance brought death. Eight young men in nearby Râne, were shot...
17 KB (2,546 words) - 16:15, 29 February 2024
et les services de garde rouvriront progressivement et de façon non obligatoire à partir du 11 mai". Quebec Government. "Pandémie de la COVID-19 - Modalités...
214 KB (21,201 words) - 13:56, 22 October 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
3 KB (221 words) - 19:05, 7 June 2024
many individuals from the Compulsory Work Service (Service du Travail Obligatoire or STO) and also Jewish children from the cities of Saint-Fons and Vénissieux...
38 KB (4,318 words) - 04:07, 12 November 2024