proposed that some or all of the members of this group form a clade, named Meridiungulata, though the relationships of South American ungulates remain largely...

history. The taxonomy of this order is not clear, but it may belong to Meridiungulata (along with Notoungulata, Litopterna, Pyrotheria and Xenungulata). In...

in a close family relationship with at least some of the so-called Meridiungulata, a very diverse group of mammals living from the Paleocene to the Pleistocene...

Kramarz A, Macphee RD, Reguero M (2011). "A new astrapothere (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from La Meseta Formation, Seymour (Marambio) Island, and a reassessment...

Cetartiodactyla were traditionally shoved. Many of these groups, like Meridiungulata or Protungulatum, may not represent laurasitherian mammals, while others...

Dinocerata (natural order suggested to be closely related to ungulates) Meridiungulata (Collagen sequences found in Macrauchenia and Toxodon indicate this...

mystery. Some paleontologists have even challenged the monophyly of Meridiungulata by suggesting that the pyrotheres may be more closely related to other...

united with other South American native ungulates in the super-order Meridiungulata. The notoungulate and litoptern native ungulates of South America have...

and had a posture similar to other large hoofed mammals. Altungulata Meridiungulata Desmostylians, however, have been placed in Perissodactyla by a 2014...

xenarthrans, and a diverse group of native ungulates known as the Meridiungulata: notoungulates (the "southern ungulates"), litopterns, astrapotheres...

of no less than three major cladistic branches of placental mammals: Meridiungulata (if xenungulates are the closest relatives)[clarification needed], Laurasiatheria...

placental mammals. A 2021 morphological study also proposed to render Meridiungulata polyphyletic and recognise most of its clades as part of a group called...

group, especially the endemic South American orders of ungulates, (Meridiungulata). Although many ungulates have hooves, this feature does not define...

(= Panperissodactyla) Family: †Phenacodontidae [?] Cope, 1881 Clade: †Meridiungulata Order: †Litopterna Ameghino, 1889 Order: †Notoungulata Roth, 1903 Order:...

Ross D. E.; Reguero, Marcelo (2011). "A new astrapothere (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from La Meseta Formation, Seymour (Marambio) Island, and a reassessment...

Thomas (2019), "The Native Ungulates of South America (Condylarthra and Meridiungulata)", History of Terrestrial Mammals in South America, Topics in Geobiology...

T (2019), "The Native Ungulates of South America (Condylarthra and Meridiungulata)", History of Terrestrial Mammals in South America, Topics in Geobiology...

Hippidion devillei Hippidion principale Hippidion saldiasi All remaining Meridiungulata genera Order Litopterna Macraucheniidae Macrauchenia Macraucheniopsis...

Bovoidea Family Bovidae: cattle, antelope, and relatives Mirorder †Meridiungulata Family †Perutheriidae Family †Amilnedwardsiidae Order †Litopterna Family...

The largest member of the extinct Notoungulata, and the superorder Meridiungulata, was Toxodon. It was about 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) in body length, with an...

La Meseta Formation is extremely rich in fossils. Among mammals, the meridiungulata Antarctodon and Trigonostylops have been found in the formation. as...

classified by Ameghino. Its tusks and trunk evolved separately from the elephants — the species belonged to the xenungulata within the meridiungulata....

D. E.; Reguero, Marcelo (June 2011). "A New Astrapothere (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from La Meseta Formation, Seymour (Marambio) Island, and a Reassessment...

†Condylarthra Order †Arctostylopida Order Cete Order Artiodactyla Mirorder †Meridiungulata Order †Litopterna Order †Notoungulata Order †Astrapotheria Order †Xenungulata...

Nahuel A.; Fernicola, Juan C. (2023-02-11). "First Pyrotheria (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation (middle Eocene–early Oligocene)...

due to the lack of reliable post-cranial remains, and for now remains Meridiungulata incertae sedis. Its remains were found in the Sarmiento Formation of...

Kramarz and Mariano Bond (2009) A new oligocene astrapothere (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from Patagonia and a new appraisal of astrapothere phylogeny. Journal...

Ross D. E.; Reguero, Marcelo (2011). "A new astrapothere (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from La Meseta Formation, Seymour (Marambio) Island, and a reassessment...

Vizcaíno, Sergio F. (eds.). Paleobiology of Santacrucian native ungulates (Meridiungulata: Astrapotheria, Litopterna and Notoungulata). Cambridge: Cambridge University...

Kramarz and Mariano Bond. A new oligocene astrapothere (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from Patagonia and a new appraisal of astrapothere phylogeny. Journal...