In electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, existing substituent groups on the aromatic ring influence the overall reaction rate or have a directing...

Electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) is an organic reaction in which an atom that is attached to an aromatic system (usually hydrogen) is replaced...

protecting groups can be used to prevent electrophilic aromatic substitution. They can also be installed as directing groups to affect the position where a substitution...

yellow flame, due to high C:H ratio Undergo electrophilic substitution reactions and nucleophilic aromatic substitutions Arenes are typically split into...

Regioselectivity is strongly affected by substituents on aromatic rings (see electrophilic aromatic substitution). For example, nitration of nitrobenzene...

assistance from the meta-directing group influencing the positioning of the incoming substituent. For example, the electrophilic aromatic nitration of 1-methyl-3-nitrobenzene...

electrophilic aromatic substitution. Trimethylsilyl, tert-butyl, and isopropyl groups can form stable carbocations, hence are ipso directing groups....

takes the form of 3 main steps shown below; Forming of a π-complex The electrophilic Br-Br molecule interacts with electron-rich alkene molecule to form...

Directed ortho metalation (DoM) is an adaptation of electrophilic aromatic substitution in which electrophiles attach themselves exclusively to the ortho-...

Electrophilic fluorination is the combination of a carbon-centered nucleophile with an electrophilic source of fluorine to afford organofluorine compounds...

undesired side reactions with electrophilic attack, isomerization or catalytic hydration. For alkenes two protecting groups are basically known: Temporary...

In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, including inorganic acids. It contains...

monocyclic aromatic units linked by an ester group Depsipeptide, a type of ester that is a peptide in which one or more of its amide groups (−C(=O)−NH−)...

trifluoromethyl groups to chemical compounds is actively pursued in academic research. The first to investigate trifluoromethyl groups in relationship...

to increased electrophilicity with lower pKa and increased nucleophile strength with higher pKa. More basic/nucleophilic functional groups desire to attack...

toward electrophilic aromatic substitution. The enhanced nucleophilicity is attributed to donation pi electron density from O into the ring. Many groups can...

where R and R′ represent the organyl groups. Ethers can again be classified into two varieties: if the organyl groups are the same on both sides of the oxygen...

unsaturation for fats and other organic compounds. Aromatic compounds are subject to electrophilic halogenation: R−C6H5 + X2 → HX + R−C6H4−X This kind...

and the arene is the nucleophile. The reaction is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Alkylsulfonic acids can be prepared by many methods...

caused by this protonation. The most reactive position on indole for electrophilic aromatic substitution is C3, which is 1013 times more reactive than benzene...

Reactions of benzoic acid can occur at either the aromatic ring or at the carboxyl group. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction will take place mainly...

is complementary to electrophilic aromatic substitution. The Sandmeyer reaction is an example of a radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SRNAr)...

possibilities not involving direct C–H bond cleavage by the metal include (i) generation of arylmetal species by electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism...

distinguished for three chemical groups. With electrophiles, electrophilic substitution takes place where pyridine expresses aromatic properties. With nucleophiles...

interaction favors selective ortho-formylation, consistent with other electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Hydroxides are not readily soluble in chloroform...

which is treated with a mixture of iodine and nitric acid in an electrophilic aromatic substitution. The resulting mixture of o and p-iodotoluene is then...

coupling partner. Generally, coupling partners are other aromatic compounds with electron-donating groups: ArN+ 2 + Ar′H → ArN=NAr′ + H+ In practice, acetoacetic...

arenes such as anilines and phenols, the process is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution: [ArN2]+ + Ar'H → ArN2Ar' + H+ The deep colors of the...

has electrophilic character, as the leaving group is carboxylate. The internal asymmetry may contribute to acetic anhydride's potent electrophilicity as...

modification to their molecular structure. These agents typically include electrophilic groups that react readily with the net negative charge of DNA molecules...