Exaptation or co-option is a shift in the function of a trait during evolution. For example, a trait can evolve because it served one particular function...

Architectural exaptation is a concept in architecture and urban design that involves repurposing buildings, structures, or architectural elements for new...

which has occurred as an exaptation of the epithelial folding that is undergone during ontogeny. This scalloped exaptation has then provided stress relief...

Heidmann, T. (2015). "Retroviral envelope gene captures and syncytin exaptation for placentation in marsupials". Proceedings of the National Academy of...

further back still were part of the gill arches of early fish. The word exaptation was coined to cover these common evolutionary shifts in function. The...

term "exaptation" for characteristics that enhance fitness in their present role but were not built for that role by natural selection. Exaptations may...

Specifically, calcium-based minerals were stored in cartilage and bone was an exaptation development from this calcified cartilage. However, other possibilities...

developing the turnover-pulse hypothesis, as well as coining the word exaptation with colleague Stephen Jay Gould. Her specific interest is in the Family...

exception of orangutans), human anatomy suggests that brachiation may be an exaptation to bipedalism, and healthy modern humans are still capable of brachiating...

However, many traits that appear to be simple adaptations are in fact exaptations: structures originally adapted for one function, but which coincidentally...

natural selection. To describe such co-opted features, he coined the term exaptation with paleontologist Elisabeth Vrba. Gould believed this feature of human...

panda later evolved to consume a bamboo diet, the enlarged bone underwent exaptation to assist in grasping bamboo. The giant panda, however, evolved the enlarged...

vestigiality with that of exaptation. Both may occur together in the same example, depending on the relevant point of view. In exaptation, a structure originally...

Retrieved 15 April 2011. Gould, Stephen J.; Vrba, Elizabeth S. (1982). "Exaptation – a missing term in the science of form". Paleobiology. 8 (1): 4–15. Bibcode:1982Pbio...

Marcus W.; Ehrlich, Paul R. (2009). "Sociocultural Epistasis and Cultural Exaptation in Footbinding, Marriage Form, and Religious Practices in Early 20th-Century...

prior existence of suitable structures has been called pre-adaptation or exaptation. Kirk, John Thomas Osmond (2007). Science & Certainty. Csiro Publishing...

transferred genes aren't even targeted back to the chloroplast. Many became exaptations, taking on new functions like participating in cell division, protein...

behavior in a person still has some scientific support. Atavistic regression Exaptation Spandrel (biology) Torna atrás Uthman, Ed (2014). "Tubal pregnancy with...

"Extreme environments as potential drivers of convergent evolution by exaptation: the Atacama Desert Coastal Range case". Front Microbiol. 3: 426. doi:10...

Quilhac, A. (2019). "The crocodylian skull and osteoderms: A functional exaptation to ectothermy?" (PDF). Zoology. 132: 31–40. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2018.12...

Therefore, they provide a number of examples of possible evolutionary exaptation. For example, the gill-slits of lancelets are used for feeding only, and...

improvements in one can be adapted to the other. This makes it an example of exaptation. There are 9 valid species, 8 in the genus Toxotes: Protoxotes lorentzi...

belief that language development could result from an adaptation, an exaptation, or a by-product. Genetics also influence the study of the evolution of...

botanical name. Acclimation Baldwin effect Environmental determinism Exaptation Evolution Gene-centered view of evolution Genetic assimilation Intragenomic...

An endogenous viral element (EVE) is a DNA sequence derived from a virus, and present within the germline of a non-viral organism. EVEs may be entire viral...

and important academically as a demonstration of transitional forms and exaptation, the re-purposing of existing structures during evolution. The ossicles...

mental adaptations. Stephen Jay Gould, for example, saw religion as an exaptation or a spandrel, in other words: religion evolved as byproduct of psychological...

evolutionary adaptations. As noted in the table below, traits may also be exaptations, byproducts of adaptations (sometimes called "spandrels"), or random...

this meant that his assertion that apparent adaptations were actually exaptations was itself nothing more than a just-so story. How the Snake Lost Its...

Heberling, J. Mason; Isaac, Bonnie L. (2017). "Herbarium specimens as exaptations: New uses for old collections". American Journal of Botany. 104 (7):...