a fair coin. One for which the probability is not 1/2 is called a biased or unfair coin. In theoretical studies, the assumption that a coin is fair is...

In statistics, the question of checking whether a coin is fair is one whose importance lies, firstly, in providing a simple problem on which to illustrate...

gambler's fallacy can be illustrated by considering the repeated toss of a fair coin. The outcomes in different tosses are statistically independent and the...

expected value cannot be better than the player at a fair game, so they will go broke as well. Consider a coin-flipping game with two players where each player...

Consider the Bernoulli trial of tossing a fair coin X {\displaystyle X} . The probabilities of the events of the coin landing as heads H {\displaystyle {\text{H}}}...

Coin flipping, coin tossing, or heads or tails is the practice of throwing a coin in the air and checking which side is showing when it lands, in order...

10 flips of fair coin = 0.00098 Probability of 1 heads in 10 flips of fair coin = 0.00977 Probability of 2 heads in 10 flips of fair coin = 0.04395 Probability...

number T {\displaystyle T} of heads. The null hypothesis is that the coin is fair, and coin tosses are independent of one another. If a right-tailed test is...

For example, the information encoded in one "fair" coin flip is log2(2/1) = 1 bit, and in two fair coin flips is log2(4/1) = 2 bits. A 2011 Science article...

her forget that awakening. A fair coin will be tossed to determine which experimental procedure to undertake: If the coin comes up heads, Sleeping Beauty...

whether a stranger who has two fair coins and one unfair coin (one with heads on both sides) has tossed one of the two fair coins or the unfair one; the stranger...

The entropy of the unknown result of the next toss of the coin is maximized if the coin is fair (that is, if heads and tails both have equal probability...

gambler plays are fair. The gambler is playing a game of coin flipping. Suppose Xn is the gambler's fortune after n tosses of a fair coin, such that the...

coin Coin base weight Coin collecting Coin counter Coin counterfeiting Coin magic Coin sorter Coin standard Currency Hanukkah gelt – Chocolate coin History...

include: Flipping a coin. In this context, obverse ("heads") conventionally denotes success and reverse ("tails") denotes failure. A fair coin has the probability...

from a fair coin given that the first flip was heads is the probability of selecting a fair coin times the probability of heads for that coin divided...

outcome of a random process. For example, identifying the outcome of a fair coin flip (which has two equally likely outcomes) provides less information...

distribution is tossing a coin. Suppose that S {\displaystyle S} is the sample space of all outcomes of a single toss of a fair coin, and X {\displaystyle...

probability spaces. If the experiment consists of just one flip of a fair coin, then the outcome is either heads or tails: Ω = { H , T } {\displaystyle...

of whether a tossed coin is fair (i.e. that on average it lands heads up 50% of the time) and an experiment where you toss the coin 5 times. A possible...

coin flip: a single parameter p H {\textstyle p_{\text{H}}} that expresses the "fairness" of the coin. The parameter is the probability that a coin lands...

response should be thought of as depending on the flip of a fair coin hidden in his brain: if the coin comes down heads, he speaks truly; if tails, falsely....

process that counts the number of heads in a series of n {\displaystyle n} fair coin tosses has a drift rate of 1/2 per toss. This is in contrast to the random...

close to 50% credence that a fair coin will land on heads the next time it is flipped (minus the probability that the coin lands on its edge). If the prize...

expected value based on population statistics. For example, suppose a fair coin is flipped 100 times. Using the law of averages, one might predict that...

fiction novel Fair Coin, and his 2014 YA hacktivist novel The Silence of Six. Myers is a graduate of the Clarion West Writers Workshop. Fair Coin (2012) Quantum...

the outcomes is 0 or 1 with probability 1/2 as if we simply flipped a fair coin. In Convolution quotients of nonnegative definite functions and Algebraic...

Subsequently, a fair coin is tossed until either player A's or player B's sequence appears as a consecutive subsequence of the coin toss outcomes. The...

their name. The probability measure on Cantor space, sometimes called the fair-coin measure, is defined so that for any binary string x the set of sequences...

precisely the relative frequency. For example, a fair coin toss is a Bernoulli trial. When a fair coin is flipped once, the theoretical probability that...