and woods to avoid conscription into Vichy France's Service du travail obligatoire (STO; 'Compulsory Work Service') which provided forced labor for Germany...
29 KB (3,636 words) - 07:22, 3 October 2024
primarily disaffected youths fleeing the German policy of Service du travail obligatoire, a forced labour program that provides manpower for factories based in...
8 KB (658 words) - 23:37, 29 August 2024
October 2022. Cerf, P. (1984). Le Luxembourg et son armée. Le service obligatoire à Luxembourg de 1945 à 1967 (in French). Luxembourg: RTL Editions. Spang...
38 KB (3,828 words) - 02:11, 4 September 2024
(2019-07-01). "Education. Le saviez-vous ? Il y 63 ans, l'école devenait obligatoire jusqu'à 16 ans" (in French). ISSN 1760-6454. Retrieved 2022-11-27. "The...
4 KB (196 words) - 13:41, 24 September 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
13 KB (866 words) - 16:32, 21 September 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
24 KB (2,304 words) - 12:15, 26 September 2024
specialists and forcibly conscripted Frenchmen from the Service du Travail Obligatoire (STO). They were supplemented by Belgian, Dutch, French, Polish, Czech...
51 KB (5,375 words) - 10:08, 24 August 2024
into hiding rather than report for the mandatory Service du travail obligatoire (STO) to work for German arms factories. In the south of France especially...
178 KB (20,348 words) - 11:18, 22 September 2024
fate of Spanish refugees and workers subject to the Service du travail obligatoire (STO). After the war, he was behind the creation of the Notre-Dame de...
47 KB (6,045 words) - 20:28, 26 August 2024
Devoir (in French). Retrieved 6 August 2021. "Québec: Boycott du cours obligatoire d'éthique et de culture religieuse". Zenit. 23 January 2009. Archived...
42 KB (3,912 words) - 16:29, 29 September 2024
General Marie-Eugène Debeney, the new army manual entitled Provisional Instruction on the Tactical Employment of Large Units, which soon became known as...
85 KB (10,203 words) - 00:15, 4 October 2024
Ashdown, The Cruel Victory'.' Beginning in 1942, the Service du Travail Obligatoire (STO, Compulsory Work Service) resulted in the deportation of hundreds...
24 KB (3,184 words) - 16:12, 21 May 2024
recognised as victims of the Vichy and Nazi regime, Service du travail obligatoire (STO) workers, French workers who had been sent to Germany to work as...
25 KB (2,859 words) - 05:51, 14 June 2024
(1943) The voluntary relève, was replaced by the Service du travail obligatoire (STO) which began in August 1942 throughout occupied Europe. To Sauckel...
84 KB (8,853 words) - 20:52, 18 September 2024
Taxes and contributions together are called in French prélèvements obligatoires (compulsory deductions). All economic agents (individuals or legal entities...
55 KB (7,290 words) - 17:01, 26 July 2024
N. and G. BROUSSEAU (1987). Rationnels et décimaux dans la scolarité obligatoire (in French). France portal Mathematics portal Didactic method "Guybrousseau"...
8 KB (784 words) - 20:32, 5 July 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
6 KB (483 words) - 22:58, 21 September 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
22 KB (2,203 words) - 22:56, 1 August 2024
become forced labourers on a German farm under the Service du travail obligatoire programme (STO), but become involved in the lives of their captors. Charles...
3 KB (201 words) - 23:16, 30 May 2024
Rajoelina, Andry (19 April 2020). "La prise du Covid-Organics sera obligatoire pour tous les élèves". @SE_Rajoelina (in French). Retrieved 14 May 2020...
63 KB (5,801 words) - 14:15, 27 August 2024
Maurice Rajsfus, La Rafle du Vél d'Hiv, Que sais-je ?, éditions PUF Instructions given by chief of police Hennequin for the raid (in French): http://artsweb...
52 KB (6,441 words) - 21:15, 16 July 2024
transferred to Germany for compulsory labour under the Service du Travail Obligatoire (STO). The labour shortage was worsened by the large number of French...
239 KB (32,897 words) - 16:42, 21 September 2024
December 2017. "Ecoles privées dans le canton de Vaud - Enseignement obligatoire (4 à 16 ans)" [Private schools in the canton of Vaud – Compulsory education...
12 KB (1,438 words) - 04:25, 2 October 2024
China Sea by the American submarine USS Growler. Service du travail obligatoire: The Vichy French government passed a law requiring all able-bodied men...
28 KB (3,082 words) - 18:59, 14 August 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
25 KB (2,640 words) - 18:06, 29 May 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
15 KB (1,635 words) - 11:42, 28 May 2024
Constitutional Law of 1940 Paris Protocols Riom Trial Service du travail obligatoire Policy & politics Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy Collaboration...
3 KB (221 words) - 19:05, 7 June 2024
et les services de garde rouvriront progressivement et de façon non obligatoire à partir du 11 mai". Quebec Government. "Pandémie de la COVID-19 - Modalités...
214 KB (21,201 words) - 14:59, 26 March 2024
Fatherland's war factories, and made it mandatory (STO Service du Travail Obligatoire), avoidance brought death. Eight young men in nearby Râne, were shot...
17 KB (2,546 words) - 16:15, 29 February 2024
operating as a highly competent subordinate able to translate Foch's instructions into clearer orders, analyse ideas, and collate information. Foch referred...
62 KB (7,447 words) - 15:13, 22 September 2024