Scarification in botany involves weakening, opening, or otherwise altering the coat of a seed to encourage germination. Scarification is often done mechanically...

seeds may not germinate until the second spring.[citation needed] Scarification (botany) – process to improve germination by making seeds more permeable...

Pieter le Fras Nortier, ascertained that seeds require a process of scarification before they are planted in acidic, sandy soil. By the late 1920s, growing...

In botany, a seed is a plant embryo and nutrient reserve enclosed in a seed coat, a protective outer covering called a testa. More generally, the term...

endocarp, thus can aid in germination rates. The process is known as scarification.[citation needed] Typical drupes include apricots, olives, loquat, peaches...

into the intended growing medium with a minimum of shock to the plant. Scarification (artificial), example: Soaking the seeds in boiled water that is cooled...

pretreatment of winged bean seeds is not required in tropical climate, but scarification of seeds has shown to enhance the germination rate of seedlings. Seed...

coat with sandpaper, also known as mechanical scarification, was applied. Other types of scarification include immersion of seed in water or acid. Another...

seed, while bicapsularis has a tough seed coat that needs mechanical scarification to sprout with success. The Nahuas of San Luis Potosi resort to this...

gene flow of Nelumbo lutea in USA using microsatellite markers". Aquatic Botany. 160: 103162. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2019.103162. S2CID 208570832. Wiersema...

the canopy allows sufficient light for the growth of the seedling. Scarification mimics natural processes that weaken the seed coat before germination...

hard endocarp, seeds must be scarified to germinate, as they are adapted to natural scarification from wildfire. Scarification can be achieved through heat...

legs and sometimes a cloak tie on the shoulder. Both sexes practice scarification and circumcision for boys and female genital mutilation for girls. Some...

least a year. As with other Opuntia species, mechanical or chemical scarification does not seem to help. The species can reproduce either vegetatively...

as three years. All Prunus species have hard seeds that benefit from scarification to germinate (which in nature is produced by passing through an animal's...

However, the seed requires scarification pre-treatment (so water can enter in time). Mechanical (physical) scarification works and some recommend soaking...

fasciata of Gmelin". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 8. 7 (37): 634–640. doi:10.1080/00222931108692986. Thomas...

explosively to expel the three seeds inside, which require thermal scarification from wildfire before they can germinate. This species is a member of...

implications of chloroplast DNA variation in Picea". Nordic Journal of Botany. 13 (3): 233–246. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1993.tb00043.x. Ashley A. Klymiuk...

period required. In some seeds physiological dormancy is indicated when scarification increases germination. Physiological dormancy is broken when inhibiting...

can prevent coastal erosion. This species will grow from seed. Light scarification can bring the seed out of dormancy and help it germinate. Nodulation...

on coffeetree seeds used in ceremonial dice games, which also served to scarify the seeds and prepare them for germination. The seeds were also used in...

currently not cultivated commercially. Propagation from seed requires scarification of the seed coat in order for the embryo to absorb water. The Zuni people...

which contributes to their dormancy. Germination is facilitated by scarification of the seed coat, which can be accomplished by several techniques. Pollination...

be scarified to crack open the outer casing of the seed which encourages germination. It should start to germinate within two weeks of scarification and...

backcrossing contribute to the origin of hybrid edible bananas?". Annals of Botany. 106 (6): 849–857. doi:10.1093/aob/mcq187. PMC 2990659. PMID 20858591. Ploetz...

night and warmer temperatures of 15–25 °C (59–77 °F) during the day. Scarification may also assist in germination. Plants must be kept well fed to ensure...

at 20 °C after 50 days is very low, but it is increased heavily by scarification of the seed coat. After germination L. tuberosus grows very quickly...

abundant seed. The seed germinates only sparsely without some form of scarification of the seed coat, but ~80% germination has been reported when the coat...

dry to moist well-drained areas. Seeds require pre-treatment such as scarification prior to planting. "Acacia paradoxa". Plants of the World Online. Royal...