• generalizations of or departures from unitarity are part of speculations about theories that may go beyond quantum mechanics. A unitarity bound is any inequality that...
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  • In theoretical physics, the unitarity gauge or unitary gauge is a particular choice of a gauge fixing in a gauge theory with a spontaneous symmetry breaking...
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  • Andrea (2013). "Unitarity and fuzzball complementarity: "Alice fuzzes but may not even know it!"". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2013 (9): 12. arXiv:1210...
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  • morphism Unitary operator Unitary transformation Unitary representation Unitarity (physics) E-unitary inverse semigroup Unitary authority Unitary state Unital...
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  • (τ') mass is currently 100GeV and proposed upper bound of 1.2 TeV from unitarity considerations. If the Koide formula continues to hold, the masses of...
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  • Unitary theory may refer to: Unitarity (physics), a restriction on any theory in physics that all probabilities must sum to one Unitary gauge, a particular...
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  • Poisson's equation Unit commensurability Unit of length Unitarity (physics) Unitarity bound Unitarity gauge Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel United States Air Force...
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  • Thumbnail for Amplituhedron
    quantum mechanical properties of locality and unitarity. In amplituhedron theory, locality and unitarity arise as a direct consequence of positivity. They...
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  • Thumbnail for Ghost (physics)
    whose existence allows the probabilities to be negative thus violating unitarity. A ghost condensate is a speculative proposal in which a ghost, an excitation...
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    this conclusion leads to the loss of unitarity. Banks, Susskind and Peskin argue that, in some cases, loss of unitarity also implies violation of energy–momentum...
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  • Thumbnail for Mandelstam variables
    Mandelstam variables (category Kinematics (particle physics))
    of the Pion-Nucleon Scattering Amplitude from Dispersion Relations and Unitarity". Physical Review. 112 (4): 1344. Bibcode:1958PhRv..112.1344M. doi:10...
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  • of 1 poses a tension of 2.2 standard deviations. Non-unitarity would be an indication of physics beyond the Standard Model. The choice of usage of down-type...
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  • Optical theorem (category Physics theorems)
    scatterer. S-matrix Kramers–Kronig relations § Hadronic scattering Unitarity (physics) § Scattering amplitude and the optical theorem "Radar Cross Section...
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  • Thumbnail for Higgs boson
    to unitarity, but may be viable if combined with additional features such as large non-minimal coupling, a Brans–Dicke scalar, or other "new" physics, and...
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  • being Hermitian), implies the unitarity of the theory, which is considered required for consistency. For example, unitarity ensures that the probabilities...
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  • Kinetic term (category Quantum physics stubs)
    contains differential operators which are generated by the kinetic term. Unitarity requires kinetic terms to be positive. In mechanics, the kinetic term...
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  • usually referred to as unitarity of time evolution. The apparent contradiction between Hawking's calculation and the unitarity postulate of quantum mechanics...
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  • Thumbnail for Zvi Bern
    Zvi Bern (category J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics recipients)
    of "generalized unitarity as a means for obtaining loop amplitudes from on-shell tree amplitudes". The method of generalized unitarity provided new insights...
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  • String theory (category Mathematical physics)
    usually referred to as unitarity of time evolution. The apparent contradiction between Hawking's calculation and the unitarity postulate of quantum mechanics...
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  • doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.72.084013. S2CID 118893360., Stephen Hawking's purported solution to the black hole unitarity paradox, first reported in July 2004....
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  • violation. Non-unitary theories, such as proposals where black holes violate unitarity, could also violate CPT. As a technical point, fields with infinite spin...
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  • experiments have especially concentrated on the strongly interacting or unitarity limit exactly at resonance where the attraction between the atoms is as...
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  • Thumbnail for Schrödinger equation
    it preserves the inner product between vectors in the Hilbert space. Unitarity is a general feature of time evolution under the Schrödinger equation...
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  • {\displaystyle \varphi } and its derivative transform in the same way. By the unitarity of the representation, scalar products like ( φ , φ ) {\displaystyle (\varphi...
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  • "Parseval's theorem" is often used to describe the unitarity of any Fourier transform, especially in physics, the most general form of this property is more...
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  • Thumbnail for Michio Kaku
    of theoretical physics at the City College of New York and the CUNY Graduate Center. Kaku is the author of several books about physics and related topics...
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  • S-matrix theory (category Particle physics)
    are: Relativity: The S-matrix is a representation of the Poincaré group; Unitarity: S S † = 1 {\displaystyle SS^{\dagger }=1} ; Analyticity: integral relations...
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  • Thumbnail for International Centre for Theoretical Physics
    The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) is a research center for physical and mathematical sciences, located in Trieste, Friuli-Venezia...
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  • analyticity would determine the scattering amplitude (the forces), while unitarity would determine the self-consistent quantum corrections in a way analogous...
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  • particularly two fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, unitarity and linearity. Unitarity ensures that the total probability of all possible outcomes...
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