cryogenic temperatures (below 120 K, -153 °C, -243.4 °F) is often called a cryocooler. The term is most often used for smaller systems, typically table-top...

thermoacoustics. In contrast with other cryocoolers (e.g. Stirling cryocooler and GM-refrigerators), this cryocooler can be made without moving parts in the...

mechanical cryocooler (which uses high-pressure helium lines). Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers, pulse tube cryocoolers and Stirling cryocoolers are in wide...

only achieved commercial success with the "reversed Stirling engine" cryocooler. They filed a large number of patents and amassed a wealth of information...

design. Two-stage Stirling cryocoolers can reach temperatures of 20 K, sufficient to liquify hydrogen and neon. Cryocoolers for this purpose are more or...

the JWST cryocooler resides in the spacecraft bus and it has lines of coolant that run to the MIRI instrument, chilling it. The cryocooler has a heat...

mechanical cryocoolers are employed which have sufficient cooling power to maintain magnets below their critical temperature. The Gifford–McMahon cryocooler has...

years, but was then replaced during the STS-109 servicing mission with a cryocooler that worked continuously. The Webb Space Telescope is designed to cool...

SWIR cryocooler of the ASTER instrument caused the temperature to gradually increase. By 2008, despite frequent attempts to recycle the cryocooler the...

technology came to be known as the Gifford-McMahon cryocooler. In the 1970s, the Gifford-McMahon cryocooler was used to make a vacuum pump by Helix Technology...

engineer for Northrop Grumman. His notable work revolved around developing cryocoolers and the traveling-wave thermoacoustic electric generator, a technology...

of the MRI suite. Modern MRI cryostats use a mechanical refrigerator (cryocooler) to re-condense the helium gas and return it to the bath, to maintain...

completing the cycle. Modern dilution refrigerators can precool the 3He with a cryocooler in place of liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, and a 1 K bath. No external...

reach temperatures close to it through the use of evaporative cooling, cryocoolers, dilution refrigerators, and nuclear adiabatic demagnetization. The use...

cooling system for the IR optics is a modern SADA-II electrically powered cryocooler, removing the need to carry a supply of high-pressure coolant gas cartridges...

−18 °C (−10 to 0 °F) Freezer, Ice Cream −29 to −23 °C (−20 to −10 °F) Cryocooler: below -153 °C (-243.4 °F) Dilution refrigerator: down to -273.148 °C...

though the only commercial success was the "reversed Stirling engine" cryocooler. The company filed a large number of patents and amassed a wealth of information...

dilution refrigerators and cryocoolers, which are essential for applications requiring ultra-low temperatures. Cryocoolers are for instance a requirement...

micrometre range. Coating around hematocrit tubes. Insulating material for a cryocooler radiation shield. As a window material to confine gas in detectors and...

regenerative cooling to become the first to statically liquefy hydrogen. Cryocooler Displacer Fluid mechanics Regenerative cooling (rocket) Regenerative heat...

Canadian-born American electrical engineer, inventor of the Gifford-McMahon cryocooler, and the Science Director, Vice President, Head of the Research and Development...

germanium crystals. Each was cooled to cryogenic temperatures by a mechanical cryocooler. Germanium provided not only detections by the photoelectric effect, but...

specific heat capacity at liquid-helium temperatures and is used in cryocoolers; a mixture of 65% Er3Co and 35% Er0.9Yb0.1Ni by volume improves the specific...

solar arrays (SA3), a new Power Control Unit (PCU) and an experimental cryocooler for the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS). Columbia...

Canadian-born American electrical engineer, inventor of the Gifford-McMahon cryocooler, and the Science Director, Vice President, Head of the Research and Development...

specific heat capacity at liquid-helium temperatures, so is useful in cryocoolers. Neodymium acetate can be used as a standard contrasting agent in electron...

Superfluid-helium technology is used to extend the temperature range of cryocoolers to lower temperatures. So far the limit is 1.19 K, but there is a potential...

Canadian-born American electrical engineer, inventor of the Gifford-McMahon cryocooler, and the Science Director, Vice President, Head of the Research and Development...

handle cryogens.[citation needed] CanariCam used a two-stage closed cycle cryocooler system to cool the cold optics and cryostat interior to approximately...

liquid helium has been used as a cryogenic refrigerant (which is used in cryocoolers), and liquid helium is produced commercially for use in superconducting...