Skeletal pneumaticity is the presence of air spaces within bones. It is generally produced during development by excavation of bone by pneumatic diverticula...

passage). Skeletal pneumaticity often originates developmentally as offshoots of the air sacs, especially in the synsacrum. Bone pneumaticity is generally found...

the temporal bone of the cranium. The mastoid cells are a form of skeletal pneumaticity. Infection in these cells is called mastoiditis. The term cells...

palaeontologist Lucio M. Ibiricu and colleagues examined the postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in the skeletons of rebbachisaurids, and suggested that it was an...

possibly homologous with features that represent unambiguously skeletal pneumaticity in theropods. Nesbitt et al. (2013) incorporated both specimens...

doppler Bladder diverticula as seen on ultrasound Christine Menias Skeletal pneumaticity "diverticulum | Definition of diverticulum in English by Lexico...

gaps are most commonly observed in juvenile individuals, whose skeletal pneumaticity has not yet fully developed. The scapulocoracoid is fused, and much...

specific strength and supplements open airways to accommodate the skeletal pneumaticity common to many birds. The specific strength and resistance to buckling...

 204–205. ISBN 978-0-253-35289-7. Wedel, M.J. (2005). "Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropods and its implications for mass estimates". In Rogers...

 165–200. ISBN 978-0-521-88996-4. Wedel, M. J. (2005). Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropods and its implications for mass estimates. The sauropods:...

skeletons of weigeltisaurds are lightened by large air spaces (skeletal pneumaticity) within the bones. The phalanges of the hands and feet are elongate...

"Body mass and foraging ecology predict evolutionary patterns of skeletal pneumaticity in the diverse "waterbird" clade". Evolution. 66 (4): 1059–1078...

forming excavations and chambers, a condition known as postcranial skeletal pneumaticity. Ornithischians, with the exception of Heterodontosaurus, lacked...

Butler, R.J., Barrett, P.M., and gower, D.J. (2009). "Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity and air-sacs in the earliest pterosaurs." Biology Letters, 5(4):...

"Body mass and foraging ecology predict evolutionary patterns of skeletal pneumaticity in the diverse "waterbird" clade". Evolution. 66 (4): 1059–1078...

"Findarticles.com: Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the physiology of sauropod dinosaurs". Paleobiology. 2003. and "Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the...

size. Like in other theropods, the skeleton of Baryonyx showed skeletal pneumaticity, reducing its weight through fenestrae (openings) in the neural...

M.J.; Bonnan, M.F. (2011). "The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica...

proximal region and lacks a foramen that in other flamingos aids with skeletal pneumaticity. The pit for the ligament at the fibular condyle is deep, proximal...

extant lizards. The bones are largely hollow, exhibiting a high skeletal pneumaticity, with the outer cortical bone often less than 1 millimetre (3⁄64 in)...

 165–200. ISBN 978-0-521-88996-4. Wedel, M. J. (2005). Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropods and its implications for mass estimates. The sauropods:...

Gastón; Salgado, Leonardo (2017). "A novel form of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in a sauropod dinosaur: implications for the paleobiology of Rebbachisauridae"...

dinosaurs is published by Michael D'Emic (2012). The postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in the skeletons of five taxa of early sauropodomorph dinosaurs...

Other features which are typically thought to be associated with skeletal pneumaticity, are also present in Guchengosuchus, Erythrosuchus, and in several...

deep cavities caused by air sacs invading the bone (postcranial skeletal pneumaticity). The scapula (shoulder blade) was hourglass-shaped. In the holotype...

by Hanik, Lamanna & Whitlock (2017). A study on the postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in rebbachisaurid sauropods, based primarily on the vertebrae of...

O2 and CO2 levels during the Late Triassic and the evolution of skeletal pneumaticity and respiratory systems in theropod dinosaurs and in paracrocodylomorphs...

in spiny-rayed fishes: surveying "Patterson's Gap" in the acanthomorph skeletal record André Dumont medalist lecture 2018". Geologica Belgica. doi:10.20341/gb...

them strong relative to their mass. The number of pneumatic bones depends on the species; pneumaticity is slight or absent in diving birds. For example...

the gills to the skeletal muscle, and only then to the heart. During intense exercise, the oxygen in the blood gets used by the skeletal muscle before the...