complex random variables are a generalization of real-valued random variables to complex numbers, i.e. the possible values a complex random variable may...

A random variable (also called random quantity, aleatory variable, or stochastic variable) is a mathematical formalization of a quantity or object which...

{N}}_{\mathcal {C}}} , characterizes complex random variables whose real and imaginary parts are jointly normal. The complex normal family has three parameters:...

The algebra of random variables in statistics, provides rules for the symbolic manipulation of random variables, while avoiding delving too deeply into...

probability, and statistics, a multivariate random variable or random vector is a list or vector of mathematical variables each of whose value is unknown, either...

In probability theory and statistics, two real-valued random variables, X {\displaystyle X} , Y {\displaystyle Y} , are said to be uncorrelated if their...

statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable X {\displaystyle X} , or just distribution function of X {\displaystyle...

a random variable about the random variable's mean; that is, it is the expected value of a specified integer power of the deviation of the random variable...

and statistics, a complex random vector is typically a tuple of complex-valued random variables, and generally is a random variable taking values in a...

many different random values. Probability distributions can be defined in different ways and for discrete or for continuous variables. Distributions with...

and statistics, a collection of random variables is independent and identically distributed if each random variable has the same probability distribution...

random variables having two other known distributions. Given two statistically independent random variables X and Y, the distribution of the random variable...

variability of two random variables. The sign of the covariance, therefore, shows the tendency in the linear relationship between the variables. If greater values...

variance of a complex scalar-valued random variable with expected value μ {\displaystyle \mu } is conventionally defined using complex conjugation: var...

modern practice of random forests, in particular: Using out-of-bag error as an estimate of the generalization error. Measuring variable importance through...

characteristic function of any real-valued random variable completely defines its probability distribution. If a random variable admits a probability density function...

continuous random variable, is a function whose value at any given sample (or point) in the sample space (the set of possible values taken by the random variable)...

is the expected value of the squared deviation from the mean of a random variable. The standard deviation (SD) is obtained as the square root of the...

is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. The general form of its probability density function is f ( x ) =...

real-valued random variables, each of which clusters around a mean value. The multivariate normal distribution of a k-dimensional random vector X = (...

continuous probability distribution of a random variable whose logarithm is normally distributed. Thus, if the random variable X is log-normally distributed, then...

mathematical physics, a random matrix is a matrix-valued random variable—that is, a matrix in which some or all of its entries are sampled randomly from a probability...

values of the random variables are real numbers. It has the advantage of working also for complex-valued random variables or for random variables taking values...

Inappropriateness, conduct seen as unethical Immorality Obscenity Vulgarity A complex random variable not being proper Appearance of impropriety, a legal–ethical concept...

Nash equilibrium Proper subset Proper space Proper class Proper complex random variable Proper (liturgy), the part of a Christian liturgy that is specific...

probability of a random variable deviating from some value (typically, its expected value). The deviation or other function of the random variable can be thought...

superposed field will be random. Therefore, the complex amplitude β ( t ) {\displaystyle \beta (t)} is a stochastic variable. It represents the sum of...

discrete random variable is a power series representation (the generating function) of the probability mass function of the random variable. Probability...

of random variables having two other known distributions. Given two (usually independent) random variables X and Y, the distribution of the random variable...

with just the random contributions and therefore, is just the possibility distribution of the random contributions. A Random-fuzzy variable can be constructed...